What is Soil Note Packet
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 what makes soil fertile | minerals, fungi & bacteria, earthworms, insects small animals |
| how does climate factor into forming soil | soils vary depending on the climate. variations in temperature, moisture, kind of precipitation, seasons and temps |
| how does TOPOGRAPHY factor into forming soil | slope affects the moisture and temp of soil |
| How do BIOLOGICAL FACTORS contribute to soil formation | what animals, plants human and micro organisms live in an around the soil |
| How dies TIME contribute to soil formation | time for all these factors to interact and influence the soil |
| PHYSICAL WEATHERING Ice Wedging or freeze thaw | rocks are broken by the expansion of water that freezes i joints pore spaces or bedding plains |
| PHYSICAL WEATHERING plant roots | plant roots grow into rock joints |
| PHYSICAL WEATHERING animal actiity | earthworms, burrowing animals, animals aerate the ground and mix loose material |
| Chemical WEATHERING | all chemical weathering reactions change the chemical composition of the rock |
| CHEMICAL WEATHERING solution | rock goes from a solid to a liquid due to natural formation of weak carbonic acid |
| what makes acid rain | solution weathering combination of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide with water |
| CHEMICAL WEATHERING oxidation | rust - reaction of oxygen and iron |
| CHEMICAL WEATHERING hydrolysis | chemical union of water and a mineral - forms clays |
| O Horizon | surface litter (leaves, animal waste) |
| A Horizon | topsoilporus mixture of partially decomposed organic matter and some inorganic mineral particles |
| biotic | bacteria and other decomposers are found in the soil |
| abiotic | bacteria and other decomposers are NOT FOUND in the soil |
| B Horizon | subsoil, contains most of the soils inorganic material |
| C Horizon | Parent Rock |
| Dark to Black Soil | dark color indicates high presence of organic matter in the soil |
| Turns soil red | oxides |
| Grain size and texture of soil | based on the size of the individual grains of the soil |
| smallest grain of soil | clay |
| Loam | soils with 3 grain sizs, sand, silt and clay |
| soil workability | the ease at which a soil can be cultivated |
| Porosity | how much pore space there is between grains |
| soil structure | how clumpy soil is |
| soil PH | the acidity of soil |
| Famine | a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death |
| malnutrition | poor health due to a lack of eating the right kinds of food and often causes sickness |
| yield | production of a certain amount |
| the main reason for hunger in the world today | poverty |
| arable land | land that can be used to grow crops |
| domesticated | brought under human control; tamed or cultivated |
| overharvesting | harvesting so much of a resource that it threatens its existence |
| Zone of Leaching | disolved or suspended materials moving downward, B-horizon |
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