Digestive System
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Created by:
GloMar on November 2, 2011
Subjects:
Description:
From the mouth to the anus, accessory organs, perioneum, GI tract organs, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, salivary glands, mesentery
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ingestion | taking food into the mouth |
| Secretion | release water, acid, buffers, enzymes into the lumen of the GI tract |
| Mixing and Propulsion | churning and pushing food through the GI tract |
| Digestion | mechanical and chemical breakdown of food |
| Absorption | passing of digested products from GI tract to the blood and lymph |
| Defecation | elimination of feces from the GI tract |
| Gastrointestinal tract | tube from mouth to anus, lumen is the hole that runs through the tube |
| Organs of GI tract | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
| Accessory organs | salivary glands, tongue, teeth, pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
| Peritoneum | Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominopelvic wall and organs |
| Visceral layer | covers the organs of the GI tract below the diaphragm |
| Parietal layer | lines the abdominopelvic wall |
| Peritoneal cavity | space between parietal and visceral layer filled with serous fluid |
| Retroperitoneal organs | kidneys and pancreas |
| Mesentery | a membrane that attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall |
| Falciform ligament | a ligament that attaches part of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall |
| Greater omentum | drapes over the transverse colon and small intestine |
| Mouth | where mechanical and chemical digestion starts with the help of the cheeks and lips |
| hard palate | hard front portion of the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity |
| soft palate | smooth muscles of the posterior roof of the mouth where the uvula hangs & helps close off the nasopharynx when swallowing to prevent food from getting in |
| Fauces | opens to the oropharynx and palatine tonsils |
| Pharynx (throat) | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| Nasopharynx | posterior to nasal cavity, soft palate muscles prevents food from entering nasal cavity |
| Oropharynx | both food and air pass through |
| Epiglottis | moves up during swallowing to allow food into the pharynx and moves down to cover the larynx to keep food out of the airway |
| Laryngopharynx | lowest portion of the pharynx, connects with both the esophagus(food tube) and the larynx (voice box) it is a passageway for food & air |
| Esophagus | posterior to the trachea (windpipe) runs from the laryngopharynx to the stomach |
| Stomach | J-shaped, below diaphragm, connected to the esophagus and small intestine, it is a mixing/holding chamber |
| The stomach | secretes mucous, pepsin, and hydrochloric acid which aids in breaking down food |
| Regions of the stomach | cardia, fundus, body, pylorus, pyloric sphincter, rugae |
| Cardia | surrounds the opening of the stomach |
| Fundus | dome shaped top of stomach |
| Body | the large central portion of the stomach |
| Pylorus | the narrow bottom area of the stomach |
| Pyloric sphincter | seperates the stomach from the first part of the small intestine |
| Rugae | interior folds of the stomach that allows it to expand |
| Small intestine | approximately 10 feet long where the majority of digestion and absorption occur |
| Small intestine | has 3 parts, duodenum less than 1 ft, jejunum 8 ft, ileum 12 ft |
| ileocecal sphincter | joins the small intestine to the large intestine |
| Large intestine | approximately 5 feet long absorbs large amounts of water, forms and expulses fecal matter, goes from the cecum where the appendix is attached, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum |
| From the rectum | to the anal canal, to the internal anal sphincter (involuntary), to the external anal sphincter (voluntary) to the anus |
| 3 pairs of salivary glands | secretes saliva into the oral cavity are the parotid (near the ear), submandibular (floor of the mouth), and sublingual (under the tongue) |
| Tongue | manipulates food during chewing and the lingual frenulum underneath limits posterior movement |
| Teeth | aids in mechanical digestion |
| Tooth structure | crown, neck, root, enamel, dentin, gingiva, pulp, cemetum, root canal, alveolar bone, peridontal ligament |
| Pancreas | located behind the stomach secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine duodenum via the pancreatic duct |
| Liver | inferior to the diaphragm, aids in emulsification by producing bile that helps break down lipids, has two lobes: larger right lobe-falciform ligament and the smaller left lobe |
| Gallbladder | hangs from the lower front margin of the liver and stores the bile produced by the liver |
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