Ch. 5 & 6
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 energy | the capacity to do work |
| kinetic energy | the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion |
| potential energy | the energy that na object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object |
| mechanical energy | the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies |
| energy conversion | a change from one form of energy to another |
| friction | a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact |
| law of conservation of energy | the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another |
| temperature | a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal expansion | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance |
| absolute zero | the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or -273.16 degrees C on the Celsius scale) |
| heat | the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
| thermal energy | the kinetic energy of a substance's atoms |
| thermal conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| thermal conductor | a material through which energy can be transferred as heat |
| thermal insulator | a material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas |
| specific heat | the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1 degree C in a specified way given constant pressure and volume |
| states of matter | the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas |
| change of state | the change of a substance from on physical state to another |
| radiation | the transfer of energyas electromagnetic waves |
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