| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Crimean War | This conflict began with a conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. France and Britain later joined Russia. Results included the end of the Concert of Europe. |
| Carbonari | One of most famous secret (oxymoron?) republican societies in Italy. |
| (Giuseppe) Mazzini | Became most important nationalist leader in Europe. Founded Young Italy Society in 1831. |
| Charles Albert | King of Piedmont who was defeated twice by Austria, then abdicated in favor of son Victor Emmanuel II. |
| Cavour | Victor Emmanuel's Prime Minister as of 1852. Strong monarchist who rejected republicanism, and helped bring Italy into European politics. |
| Napoleon III | An Italian named Orsini attempted to assassinate this French leader. |
| (Giuseppe) Garibaldi | This man who worked with Mazzini also led troops to capture Palermo and attacked the Italian mainland, hoping to form a republican Italy. |
| transformismo | After Cavour, system where political opponents were turned into supporters by bribery and favors. |
| Zollverein | Tariff union formed among the German states |
| William I | New Prussian king after Fredrick William IV, his brother, was deemed insane. |
| Denmark | A War was fought between Prussia and Austria against this country over the provinces of Schleswig-Holstein |
| Austria | This country was given control of Holstein in 1865 |
| Prussia | This country was given control of Schleswig in 1865 |
| Poland | Bismarck supported Russia in suppressing an 1863 revolt in this country. |
| Kleindeutsch | Plan supported by Bismarck for German unification |
| Venetia | This territory was promised to Italy if they supported Prussia in an Austro-Prussian War, which was later given to them throught France |
| Seven Weeks War | Also known as the Austro-Prussian War, Austria was handily defeated at the Battle of Koniggratz and established Prussia as major German power |
| Bundesrat | Upper house of North German Confederation appointed by governments of the states |
| Reichstag | Lower house of the North German Confederation elected by universal male suffrage |
| Leopold | Following military coup of Isabella II, monarch chosen by Spanish that surrounded France with Hohenzollerns |
| Telegram | One of these led to the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War |
| Battle of Sedan | On September 1, 1866, France was defeated and Napoleon was captured at the ______________________________________. |
| Maximilian | Napoleon III attacked Mexico leading to the death of this Archduke of Austria |
| (Adolphe) Thiers | Executive Power in France was given to this man after the Battle of Sedan. |
| Paris Commune | Parisians elected this municipal government due to dislike of the National Assembly with the intent to rule Paris separately from the rest of France |
| Chambord | Monarchists divided in loyalty between the Bourbons and Orleans would have been okay if this heirless Count took the crown |
| Flag | The color of this angered the would-have-been-monarch Bourbon |
| Marshal MacMahon | Conservative army officer elected French President in 1873, later resigned in 1879. |
| Dreyfus Affair | This was started on a rumor that he passed secret information to the Germans. The man was later sent to Devil's Island. |
| Zola | This man published "J'accuse," saying that Dreyfus was denied due process. He was convicted of libel with a one-year term in prison, but fled to England. |
| October Diploma | Francis Joseph issued this, which created a federation among the German states and local diets would be run by landed classes. This was rejected by the Magyars. |
| February Patent | Issued in 1861, it established bicameral parliament in Germany and made ministers responsible to the emperor. This plan still had no Magyar support. |
| Trialism | Plan for three monarchs favored by Bohemian Czechs |
| (Otto von) Bismarck | Famous German who falls between Luther and Hitler |
| Alexander II | Russian monarch following death of Nicholas I. Later killed by a bomb thrown by a member of The People's Will |
| Serfdom | This key reform by Alexander II led to the abolition of ________________. |
| zemstvos | Russian nobles were given administrative power in these county councils in 1864. |
| six | Russians previously serving 25 years in the army now only had ______ years active service. |
| Tsar Liberator | Despite never being popular, Alexander II became known as this |
| Russification | Probably not a word, but process of imposing Russian law, langauge, and administration on Poland |
| Land and Freedom | Chief Populist radical society in Russia |
| (Alexander) Herzen | Exiled Publisher of "The Bell" who called for reforms |
| (Vera) Zasulich | Attempted to assassinate military governor of Saint Petersburg, but she was aquitted. |
| The People's Will | After Land and Freedom split, one group dissolved, the other became known as this |
| Alexander III | This Russian monarch sought to roll back the reforms of Alexander II |
| (Benjamin) Disraeli | Leader of Conservative ministry in House of Commons that introduced reform bill in 1867. Later elected Prime Minister in 1874. |
| (William) Gladstone | Became the first prime minister elected following the Reform Act of 1867 |
| Ballot Act of 1872 | Introduced voting by secret ballot in England |
| Education Act of 1870 | This law led to the English government being responsible for elementary schools |
| Public Health Act of 1875 | Consolidated legislation on sanitation and reaffirmed duty of state to deal with health-related matters |
| Artisans Dwelling Act of 1875 | Government became actively involved in providing working class housing through this |
| (Charles Stewart) Parnell | Leader for home rule of Ireland |
| William Fredrick | My name if I ever become Emperor of Prussia |
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