Cellular Respiration_Reed_AHS
About this set
Created by:
penneyreed on November 3, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen |
| anaerobic | process that does not require oxygen |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use; site of cellular respiration |
| adenosine triphosphate; ATP | one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy |
| adenosine diphosphate; ADP | a substance involved in energy metabolism formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate |
| glycolysis | first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid; net yield per glucose is 2 ATP |
| Krebs cycle; citric acid cycle | second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions; net yield per glucose is 2 ATP |
| electron transport chain | A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP; net yield of 32 ATP |
| NAD / NADH | electron carrier that stores energy used to make ATP; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration |
| FAD / FADH2 | FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). This is the other main electron carrier in cellular respiration (NADH is the most common). |
| fermentation | process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer |
| autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| oxidation | the loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction |
| reduction | any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion |
| proton pump | An active transport mechanism in cell membranes that uses ATP to force hydrogen ions out of a cell, generating a membrane potential in the process. |
| ATP synthetase | an enzyme complex in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that catalyzes the formation of ATP |
| alcoholic fermentation | the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol |
| lactic acid fermentation | the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
| phosphorylation | The transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule |
| chemiosmosis | in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| coenzyme | a small molecule (not a protein but sometimes a vitamin) essential for the activity of some enzymes |
| pyruvate (pyruvic acid) | organic molecule formed by the breakdown of glucose in the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration |
| matrix | The interior of a mitochondrion (the region bounded by the inner membrane)., The matrix is the site of the Krebs cycle. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.