Dr. Egan's APHG Voc. Ch. 7
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 animism | the belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, rocks, rivers, and other elements of the natural landscape possess souls and can help as well as hinder human efforts on earth |
| Buddhism | a universalizing religion, primarily of eastern and central Asia, based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, that suffering is inherent in all life but can be relieved by mental and moral self-purification |
| caste system | the strict social segregation of people--specifically in India's Hindu society--on the basis of ancestry and occupation |
| Christianity | a monotheistic, universalizing religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and of the Bible as sacred scripture |
| Confucianism | a philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings of Confucius and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture |
| diaspora | from the Greek "to disperse", a term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally denoting the dispersal of Jews, it is increasingly applied to other population dispersals, such as the involuntary relocation of Africans during the slave trade or Chinese peoples outside of Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong |
| Eastern Orthodox Church | one of the three major branches of Christianity, which arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Empire Diocletian into east (centered in Constantinople) and west (centered in Rome). In 1054, Christianity split along this east-west line. |
| ethnic religion | a religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people |
| Feng Shui | Literally "wind-water". The Chinese art and science of placement and orientation of tombs, dwellings, buildings, and cities. Structures and objects are positioned in an effort to channel flows of sheng-chi, life-breath, in positive ways |
| genocide | the systematic killing or an entire people or nation |
| hajj | the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammed |
| Hinduism | one of the oldest religions, dating back over 4000 years, and originating in the Indus River Valley, It is unique among world religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreement on its origins |
| interfaith boundaries | boundaries between the world's major faiths |
| iintrafaith boundaries | boundaries within a single major faith |
| Islam | the youngest of the world's major religions, it is based on the teachings of Muhammed, born in Mecca in 571 CE. |
| jihad | a doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as "Holy War', it represents a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the standards set by the Qur'an |
| Judaism | religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham who is credited with uniting his people to worship only one god. |
| minarets | tower attached to a mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a crier call Muslims to prayer |
| monotheistic religion | belief system in which one supreme being is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe |
| pilgrimage | voluntary travel by an adherent to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site |
| polytheistic religion | belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe |
| Protestant | one of the three major branches of Christianity. Following the widespread societal changes in Europe starting in the 1300s, many adherents of the Roman Catholic Church began questioning the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant Reformation, wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church |
| religion | defined by geographers Robert Stoddard and Carolyn Prorak as "a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities" |
| religious extremism | religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence |
| religious fundamentalism | Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy. |
| Roman Catholic Church | one of the three major branches of Christianity, which arose out of the division of the Roman Empire by Empire Diocletian into east centered in Constantinople) and west (centered in Rome). In 1054, Christianity split along this east-west line. |
| sacred sites | place or space that people infuse with religious meaning |
| secularism | the idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife |
| Shamanism | a type of religion found in traditional societies in which a person is deemed to possess religious and mystical powers, acquired directly from supernatural sources. |
| Sharia | The system of Islamic law, sometimes called Qu'ranic law. |
| Shi'ite (Shia) | one of the two major divisions of Islam, they represent the Persian (Iranian) variation of Islam and believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams, descendents of Ali. |
| Shintoism | a syncretic religion which mixes Buddhism with the Japanese ethnic religion which emphasizes nature and ancestor worship. |
| Sunnis | Adherents to the largest branch of Muslims, called the orthodox or traditionalist. |
| Taoism | a Chinese religion which held that human happiness lay in maintaining the proper relationship with nature |
| universalizing religion | belief system which espouses the idea that there is one religion that is universal in scope |
| Zionism | the movement to unite Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the "promised land" |
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