Dr. Egan's APHG Voc. Ch. 10
Order by
25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 commodity chains | series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution, resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market |
| context | the geographical situation in which something occurs, the combination of what is happening at a variety of scales concurrently |
| dependency theory | a structuralist theory that is based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions in the world have created conditions that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop |
| developing | with respect to a country, making progress in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare |
| desertification | the encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatened by desiccation |
| dollarization | when a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country, or when it abandons its currency and adopts the wealthier country's currency as its own |
| export processing zone (EPZ) | zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment |
| formal economy | the legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's gross national product (GNP) |
| gross national income (GNI) | the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income received from investments outside the country |
| gross national product (GDP) | the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year |
| leadership class | group of decision-makers and organizers in early cities who controlled the resources and lives of others |
| malaria | vectored disease spread by mosquitoes that carry the parasite in their saliva; kills about 150,000 children monthly in the global periphery |
| maquiladoras | the term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the US market |
| microcredit program | program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourage development of small businesses |
| modernization model | a model of economic development most closely associated with Walter Rostow, this model maintains that all countries go through five interrelated stages of development, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption |
| neocolonialism | the entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade and investment, under a new guise |
| nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) | international organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but that are nonetheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues |
| North American Free trade Agreement (NAFTA) | agreement entered into by Canada, US, and Mexico in December 1992 and which took effect on 1/1/94 to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services between the countries |
| special economic zones (SEZ) | specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment |
| structural adjustment loans | loans granted by international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to countries in the periphery and semi-periphery in exchange for certain economic and governmental reforms in that country |
| structuralist theory | a model of economic development that treats economic disparities among countries or regions as the result of historically derived power relations within the global economic system |
| three-tier structure | with reference to Wallerstein's world-systems theory, the division of the world into core, periphery, and semi-periphery as a means to explain the interconnection between places in the global economy |
| trafficking | when a family sends a child or an adult to a labor recruiter in hopes that the labor recruiter will send money, and the family member will earn money to send home |
| vectored diseases | a disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host |
| world systems theory | theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developed world |
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