Chemistry Honors: Chapter 4
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nwilliamsDASH on November 3, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Electromagnetic radiation | Form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | Together, all the forms of electromagnetic radiation make up the ____. |
| Wavelength | Distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves |
| Frequency | Number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time |
| Photoelectric effect | Refers to emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal |
| Quantum | A ___ of energy is the min quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom |
| Photon | Particle of electromagnetic radiation having zero mass and carrying a quantum of energy |
| Ground state | Lowest energy state of an electron |
| Excited state | A state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state |
| Line emission spectrum | Diagram or graph that indicates the degree to which a substance emits radiant energy with respect to wavelength |
| Continuous spectrum | The emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation |
| Heisenberg uncertainty principle | States that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle |
| Quantum theory | Describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles |
| Orbital | A 3D region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron |
| Quantum numbers | Specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals |
| Principal quantum number | Symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron |
| Angular momentum quantum number | Symbolized by l, indicates. The shape of the orbital |
| Magnetic quantum number | Symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus |
| Spin quantum number | Has only 2 possible values which indicate the 2 fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital |
| Electron configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom is know as the ___. |
| Aufbau principle | States that an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it |
| Pauli exclusion principle | No 2 electrons can have the same seat of four quantum numbers |
| Hund's rule | Orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state |
| Noble gases | The group 18 elements |
| Noble gas configuration | Refers to an outer main energy level occupied, in most cases, by eight electrons |
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