Anatomy Exam 3: Abdominal Cavity IV
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centralperkam Plus on November 3, 2011
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Kidneys: function? (3) | Remove excess water, salts, wastes of protein metabolism from blood Return nutrients to blood Help regulate blood pressure |
| Kidneys: location? | Posterior abdominal wall, T12-L3 |
| Kidneys: layers that surround them? | 1) Renal Capsule 2) Perirenal fat capsule 3) Pararenal fat capsule |
| Kidney: Hilum: contents form anterior to posterior | 1) Renal Vein 2) Renal Artery 3) Pelvis |
| Kidney: Lobes (how many?) and segments? | 6-18 lobes per kidney -each has cortex and medulla |
| Kidney: Blood supply? | Renal artery Segmental Arteries Interlobar arteries Renal Vein |
| Kidney: from nephron to exit from body | Nephron: goes to .. Ureter Bladder Urethra |
| Suprarenal Glands: aka? | Adrenal glands |
| Suprarenal Glands: functions? (2 areas) | 1) Adrenal cortex; corticosteroids and androgens produced 2) Adrenal Medulla; norepinephrine and epinephrine produced |
| Suprarenal Glands: 3 arteries supply it ...where do they originate? | 1) Superior suprarenal (from inferior phrenic a) 2) Middle suprarenal (from abdominal aorta) 3) Inferior suprarenal (from renal a) |
| Innervation of adrenal medulla? | -sympathetics synapse on chromaffin cells |
| Innervation of adrenal cortex? | -autonomics associated with blood vessels |
| POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL | ... |
| What creates the paravertebral gutters? what is purpose? | -created by lumbar vertebrae -houses the kidneys |
| Diaphragm: what two cavities does it divide? | Thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| Diaphragm: what is shape? function? | -double-domed muscle, primary muscle of inspiration |
| Diaphragm: three sections of diaphragm? | 1) Sternal 2) Costal 3) Lumbar |
| Sternal Diaphragm: attached to what? | Xiphoid process |
| Costal Diaphragm: attaches to what? | internal parts of inferior 6 costal cartilages |
| Lumbar Diaphragm: arises from where? forms what? | Arises from medial and lateral arcuate ligaments and lumbar vertebrae 1-3 -forms right and left muscular crura, ascending to central tendon |
| Diaphragm: caval opening: what goes through? | Inferior Vena Cava |
| Esophageal hiatus: located where? | right crus |
| What are two hiatuses of esophagus? | -esophageal -aortic |
| What provides sensory and motor innervation to diaphragm? | C3,4,5 ... motor Intercostal nerves provide sensory innervation |
| MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY ... | ... |
| Psoas major: what is it attached to? | -transverse process of lumbar vertebrae to -lesser trochanter of femur |
| Psoas major: function? (2) | -flexion of thigh -lateral flexion of vertebral column |
| Psoas major: Innervation | -Lumbar plexus (ventral rami of L1-L4) |
| Iliacus: location | lateral to inferior portion of psoas major |
| Iliacus: attachments (3) | Iliac fossa (superior portion) Lesser trochanter of femur -joins with psoas major tendon |
| Iliacus: functions? (2) | flexion of thigh stabilization of hip joint |
| Iliacus: innervation? | Femoral nerve (L2-L4) |
| Quadratus Lumborum: attachments? (3) | -Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrate -12th rib -iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest |
| Quadratus Lumborum: functions? | -extend vertebral column -lateral flexion of vertebral column -fixes 12th rib during inspiration |
| Quadratus Lumborum: innervation? | -T12-L4 ... VENTRAL BRANCHES |
| NERVES ... | .... |
| Subcostal Nerves ... | ventral primary rami of T12 |
| Lumbar Spinal Nerves (levels?) | L1-L5 |
| Lumbar Plexus: what contributes to it? | Ventral Primary Rami of L1-L4 (sometimes T12) |
| LP: Ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerves; level, function? | L1 -supply abdominal MUSCLES ... and skin of inguinal/pubic region |
| LP: genitofemoral nerve: level, division, function? | -L1-L2 divides into genital and femoral branches -supply skin below inguinal ligament |
| LP: Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: level, function | L2-L3 -supply anterolateral skin of thigh |
| LP: Femoral nerve: level, function | L2-L4 -supplies iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors |
| LP: Obturator Nerve: level, supplies? | L2-L4 -medial thigh, adductors |
| LP: Lumbosacral trunk: levels? | L4-L5 |
| VASCULATURE | .... |
| Subcostal artery: arises from ...? | Thoracic aorta |
| Abdominal aorta: beginning and end? | T12, at aortic hiatus in diaphragm ... to L4 |
| Branches of Abdominal Aorta (top to bottom) (8 branches) | Celiac Trunk Superior Messenteric Inferior Messenteric Inferior Phrenics Suprarenals Renals Gonadals Lumbars |
| Abdominal Aorta: ends where? divides into ...? | -Ends at L4 -Divides into 1) Internal Iliac Artery 2) External Iliac Artery |
| External Iliac artery turns in to .. (2) | Inferior epigastric arteries Deep circumflex iliac arteries |
| VEINS ... | ... |
| IVC: where does it begin? which two veins meet? | L5, common iliacs unite here |
| IVC: branches (5) | R, L, M hepatics R, L inferior phrenics R suprarenal Lumbars Right Gonadal |
| Where do left suprarenal and left gonal drain to? | RENAL ARTERY |
| IVC bypass: what allows for this? | Azygos connection to lumbar vein |
| IVC bypass: blockage route (collateral routes) | 1) Superior/Inferior epigastric viens 2) Thoraco-epigastric veins 3) Epidural venous plexus |
| LYMPHATICS ... | ... |
| Thoracic Duct: what is it? | convergence of main lymphatic ducts of abdomen |
| Thoracic Duct: where does it end? | Junction of left subclavian and internal jugular vein |
| Thoracic Duct: Origin? | L1 and L2, anterior to vertebra |
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