Chapter 11: Motivation and Work
About this set
Created by:
melissajohns on November 3, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
59 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Motivation | Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal |
| Aron Ralston | Motivated to cut his arm in order to free himself from a rock that pinned him down Played by James Franco |
| Instinct Theory | Focused on generally predisposed behaviors |
| Instincts | A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| Drive-Reduction Theory | The idea that physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| Homeostasis | The maintenance of a steady internal state The regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level |
| Incentive | A positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior Ex. A food-deprived person who smells baking bread (incentive) feels a strong hunger drive |
| Arousal Theory | Each individual has an optimal level of arousal (alertness, paying attention) that varies from one situation to the next Maintained by desire at that moment |
| Hierarchy of Needs/ Motives | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs become active PS BEAT |
| Transpersonal | Meaning, purpose, and communion that is beyond the self At the self actualization level |
| Physiology of Hunger | Stomach contractions (pangs) send signals to the brain making us aware of our hunger |
| Stomachs Removed | Tsang (1938) removed rat stomachs, connected the esophagus to the small intestines, and the rats still felt hungry (and ate food) |
| Lateral Hypothalamus | Brings on hunger |
| Set Point | The body's "weight thermostat" Heredity influences set point and body type |
| Basal Metabolic Rate | The body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| Anorexia Nervosa | A condition in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent woman) continuously loses weight but still feels overweight |
| Bulimia Nervosa | A disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise |
| Binge-Eating Disorder | Eat a lot without purging, fasting, or exercise |
| Reasons for Eating Disorder | Sexual abuse- no Family- yes Genetics/twins- yes |
| Obesity and Weight Control | Fat is an ideal form of stored energy and is readily available In times of famine, an overweight body was a sign of affluence |
| Weight Bias | Discrimination against obesity Every stage of the employment cycle |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Obesity in children increases their risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, gallstones, arthritis, and certain types of cancer, thus shortening their life-expectancy |
| Obesity and Mortality | The death rate is high among very overweight men |
| Fat Cells | Never increase in number, just size |
| Genetic Factor of Weight | Identical twin studies reveal that body weight has a genetic basis |
| Sexual Motivation | Sexual motivation is nature's clever way of making people procreate, enabling our species to survive |
| Excitement | Genitals become engorged with blood. Vagina expands secretes lubricant. Penis enlarges. |
| Plateau | Excitement peaks such as breathing, pulse and blood pressure. |
| Orgasm | Contractions all over the body. Increase in breathing, pulse & blood pressure. Sexual release. |
| Resolution | Engorged genital release blood. Male goes through refractory phase. Women resolve slower. |
| Sexual Problems | Men: premature ejaculation and erectile disorder Women: may suffer from orgasmic disorders |
| Contraception | Ignorance: Canadian teen girls do not have the right ideas about birth control methods. Guilt Related to Sexual Activity: Guilt reduces sexual activity, but it also reduces the use of contraceptives. Minimal Communication: Many teenagers feel uncomfortable discussing contraceptives. Alcohol Use: Those who use alcohol prior to sex are less likely to use contraceptives. Mass Media: The media's portrayal of unsafe extramarital sex decreases the use of contraceptives. |
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | Factors that reduce sexual activity in teens: High Intelligence: Teens with higher intelligence are likely to delay sex. Religiosity: Religious teens and adults often reserve sex for a marital commitment. Father Presence: A father's absence from home can contribute to higher teen sexual activity. Learning Programs: Teens who volunteer and tutor in programs dedicated to reducing teen pregnancy are less likely to engage in unsafe sex. |
| Sexual Orientation | A person's preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same sex, the other sex, and/or either sex. |
| Sexual Orientation Statistics | In Europe and America, based on many national surveys, homosexuality in men is 3-4% and in women is 1-2%. |
| Erotic Plasticity | Men focus on one sex or the other, while women are more flexible |
| Origins of Sexual Orientation | Homosexuality is more likely based on biological factors like differing brain centers, genetics, and parental hormone exposure rather than environmental factors |
| Animal Homosexuality | A number of animal species are devoted to same-sex partners, suggesting that homosexuality exists in the animal world |
| Genes & Sexual Orientation | Family: Homosexuality seems to run in families. Twin studies: Homosexuality is more common in identical twins than fraternal twins. Fruit flies: Genetic engineers can genetically manipulate females to act like males during courtship and males to act like females. |
| Fraternal Birth-Order Effect | The odds of homosexuality increase with amount of older brothers |
| Flow | A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills |
| Work and Satisfaction | In industrialized countries work and satisfaction go hand-in-hand |
| Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology | Applies psychological principles to the workplace. |
| Personnel Psychology | Studies the principles of selecting and evaluating workers |
| Organizational Psychology | Studies how work environments and management styles influence worker motivation, satisfaction, and productivity |
| Human Factors Psychology | Explores how machines and environments can be designed to fit our natural perception |
| Harnessing Strengths | Identifying people's strengths (analytical, disciplined, eager to learn etc.) and matching them to a particular area of work is the first step toward workplace effectiveness |
| Do Interviews Predict Performance? | Interviewers are confident in their ability to predict long-term job performance However, informal interviews are less informative than standardized tests |
| The Interviewer Illusion | Interviewers often overrate their discernment |
| Intention vs. Habits | Intensions matter, but long- lasting habits matter even more |
| Successful Employees | Interviewers are more likely to talk about those employees that turned out successful |
| Presumptions about Candidates | Interviewers presume that what we see (candidate) is what we get, they're wrong |
| Preconceptions | An interviewer's prior knowledge about the candidate may affect her judgment |
| Structured Interview | A formal and disciplined way of gathering information from the interviewee. Structured interviews pinpoint strengths (attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and skills) |
| Appraising Performance | Appraising performance serves the purposes of: 1) employee retention 2) determining rewards/pay 3) the encouragement of better performance |
| Employee Engagement | Knows what is expected of him. Has what is needed to do the work. Feels fulfilled at work. Has opportunities to do his best. Thinks himself to be a part of something significant. Has opportunities to learn and develop. |
| Achievement Motivation | Achievement motivation is defined as a desire for significant accomplishment |
| Emotional roots | Learning to associate achievement with positive emotions |
| Cognitive roots | Learning to attribute achievements to one's own competence, thus raising expectations of oneself |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.