The English Civil War
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Created by:
Thatguy101 on November 3, 2011
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 English Civil War | civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; 1644-1648 |
| James I | the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625 |
| Charles I | King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649 |
| "divine right" of king | the belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule |
| Cavaliers | In the English Civil War (1642-1647), these were the troops loyal to Charles II. |
| Roundheads | Puritan supporters of Parliment, fighting the English Civil War from 1642-1649 |
| Oliver Cromwell | English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658) and was declared Lord Protectorate afterwards |
| New Model Army | The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war. |
| Pride's Purge | Removed all non-Puritans and Presbyterians from Parliament leaving Rump parliament |
| "Rump Parliament" | The Cromwell-controlled Parliament that proclaimed England a republic and abolished the House of Lords and the monarchy. |
| Levellers | radical religious revolutionaries-sought social and political reforms, a more egalitarian (equal) society. |
| Diggers | a communistic sect that sought to implement the spirit of primitive Christianity by abolishing personal property |
| Quakers | a Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660 |
| Interregum | time between rule of one monarch and another |
| The Protectorate | This was the name of the military dictatorship that England took on during the reign of Oliver Cromwell |
| Habeas Corpus | the civil right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment |
| Martial Law | the body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs (usually in time of war or civil crisis) |
| Petition of Right | Document prepared by Parliament and signed by King Charles I of England in 1628; challenged the idea of the divine right of kings and declared that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land |
| 19 propositions | new demands brought to the king, detailing more conditions and wants of parliament |
| Royalists | supporters of the King during the English Civil War including wealthy landowners, Anglican clergy and Catholics |
| Common wealth | a self-goverend political unit |
| Charles II | King of England and Scotland and Ireland during the Restoration (1630-1685) |
| Restoration | the re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660 |
| Clarendon code | these laws imposed penalties for attending non-Anglican services and excluded non-Anglicans from the religious and political life of England |
| Magna Carta | This document, signed by King John of Endland in 1215, is the cornerstone of English justice and law. It declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England. It contained the antecedents of the ideas of due process and the right to a fair and speedy trial that are included in the protection offered by the U.S. Bill of Rights |
| Parliament cycle | James I needs money, calls Parliament, vote on representatives for House of Commons, Parliament says no to James, Parliament dismissed and repeat |
| William Laud | Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War. |
| Archbishop of Canterbury | the spiritual leader of the Anglican church, based in England |
| Billeting of Troops | Legalizing of troops taking up residence in citizen's houses |
| Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. |
| Book of Common Prayer | the Anglican service book of the Church of England |
| Long Parliament | Parliament convened by Charles I in 1640; lasted on and off for 20 years; passed laws that limited power of monarchy |
| Triennial Act | An Act of Parliament reluctantly agreed to by Charles I (who said it reduced his sovereign powers) which stated that there had to be a parliament of at least 50 days duration every three years. |
| Grand Remonstrance | Parliament presented Charles I w/ this more than 200 article summary of popular and parliamentary grievances against the crown on December 1, 1641; As a result, Charles I invaded Parliament w/ soldiers in Jan 1642, and this led to the English Civil War. |
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