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work the transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the force power a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed mechanical advantage a quantity that measures how much a machine multiplies force or distance simple machines one of the six basic types of machines, which are the basis for all other forms of machines compound machine a machine made of more than one simple machine potential energy the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object kinetic energy the energy of a moving object that is due to the object's motion mechanical energy the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies efficiency A quantity, usually expressed as a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to work input