Asepsis & infection control
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chain of infection | * infectious agent (pathogen)- microorganisms, bacteria, fungi & protozoa * reservoir (source for pathogen)- place where pathogen can survive; may/may not multiply * portal of exit (from the reservoir)- blood, skin, mucous membranes * mode of transmission- major is unwashed hands * portal of entry (to the host)- depends on susceptibility, strength & number |
| Direct- mode of transmission | * person to person (fecal, oral) * physical contact between source & susceptible host |
| Indirect- mode of transmission | * personal contact of susceptible host w/ contaminated inanimate object (needles, dressings, environment) |
| Droplet- mode of transmission | * large particles that travel up to 3 feet & come in contact w/ susceptible host (coughing, sneezing, talking) |
| Airborne - mode of transmission | * droplet nuclei, or residue or evaporated droplets suspended in air or carried on dust particles |
| Vehicles- mode of transmission | * contaminated items * water * drugs, solutions * blood * food |
| Vector- mode of transmission | * flies * mosquito * louse * flea * tick |
| Incubation period- infection stage | * interval between entrance & appearance of 1st symptoms |
| Prodromal stage- infection stage | * interval from non specific to specific signs & symptoms |
| Full stage of illness- infection stage | * manifests signs & symptoms specific to type of infection |
| Convalescent period- infection stage | * acute symptoms of infection disappear |
| Normal Flora- defenses against infection | microorganisms within body; do not cause disease when in usual area of body |
| Body system defenses- defenses against infection | each organ system has different defense mechanisms; skin, mouth, eye, UT, GI, vagina |
| Inflammation- defenses against infection | protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood producers & nutrients to an area of injury |
| signs & symptoms of infection | * redness, warmth, tenderness, edema * drainage/sputum * fever/malaise * enlarged tender lymph nodes * cloudy, foul smelling urine * abnormal lab values |
| Medical Asepsis | practices used to remove or destroy pathogens and to prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place; clean technique |
| Surgical Asepsis | * sterile technique * never turn back on sterile field * 1 inch border * date bottle- discard after 24 hours * hold palm over label |
| Airborne- standards of precaution | * private room * negative air pressure * mask or respiratory protection |
| Droplet- standards of precaution | * private room/cohort clients |
| Contact- standards of precaution | * private room/cohort clients * gloves/gowns |
| Protective environment- standards of precaution | * private room * positive pressure * HEPA filtration for incoming air * respirator mask * gloves/gowns |
| Breaking chain of infection | * know mode of transmission * precautions when handling bodily fluids- PPE, mask * dispose of soiled linen & trash properly * follow & teach cough etiquette * proper care of drainage systems & wounds * transporting clients |
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