| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cellular respiration | the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds |
| pyruvic acid | the three carbon molecules that are produced by glycolysis |
| NADH | an electron carrier molecule , The reduced form of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This is the most common electron carrier in cellular respiration. |
| anaerobic | process that does not require the presence of oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | process where pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP |
| glycolysis | a biochemical pathway in which one six carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce two three-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid |
| NAD+ | an organic molecule that accepts electron during redox reactions and participates in a large number of oxidation-reduction reactions in cells, including those in cellular respiration |
| fermentation | the combination of glycolysis and these additional pathways which regenerate NAD+ |
| lactic acid fermentation | the process in which an enzyme converts pyruvic acid made during glycolysis into another three carbon compound called lactic acid |
| alcoholic fermentation | the process in which some plant cells and unicellular organisms convert pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol |
| kilocalories | the unites that energy is measured in, a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories |
| mitochondrial matrix | the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| Acetyl CoA | a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism |
| Krebs cycle | a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl CoA, producing CO2, hydrogen atoms, and ATP |
| oxaloacetic acid | a four-carbon compound of Krebs cycle that combine with acetyl CoA to form citric acid |
| citric acid | a six-carbon formed in the Krebs cycle, 6 carbon; formed in Krebs Cycle; intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates |
| FAD | flavin adeline dinucleotide, a molecule very similar to NAD+, accepting electrons during redox reactions |
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