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radiation the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. convection the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid. conduction 1. the transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another. 2. a method of charging an object by allowing electrons to flow by direct contact from one object to another object. density the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained ina given volume. D= m/v convection current the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. rock-forming mineral any of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks of earth's crust. grain the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture. texture the look and feel of a rock's surface. igneous rock a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. sedimentary rock a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. metamorphic rock a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.