Nervous System
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Frontal | This lobe of the brain... Directs voluntary, skeletal actions. Influences communication, emotions, intellect, and reasoning. Broca's area = speech. |
| Parietal | This lobe of the brain... Interprets tactile sensations - touch/pain/temp/shapes/ two point discrimination. |
| Occipital | This lobe of the brain...Influences the ability to read with understanding and is primary visual receptor center. |
| Temporal | This lobe of the brain receives/interprets impulses from the ear. Contains wernicke's area - responsible for interpreting auditory stimuli. |
| Gray Matter | This substance mediates higher level functions such as memory, perception, communication, and initiation of voluntary movements. |
| Diencephalon | This consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus. |
| Thalamus | This is where most sensory impulses travel through - therefore this area is responsible for screening and directing the impulses to specific areas of the cortex. |
| Hypothalamus | This is a part of the autonomic nervous system, its responsible for regulating many body functions including water balance, appetite, vital signs, sleep cycles, etc. |
| Midbrain | This area serves as a relay center for ear and eye reflexes and relays impulses between the higher cerebral centers and the rest of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Pons | This area links the cerebellum and cerebrum - it is responsible for various reflex actions. |
| Medulla oblongata | This area contains nuclei for the cranial nerves and helps regulate respiratory function, HR and force, and BP. |
| Cerebellum | This part of the brain controls coordination and the smoothness of voluntary movements, maintenance of equilibrium, and maintenance of muscle tone. |
| Pyramidal | This tract travels down to the medulla where they cross over to the opposite side and then travel down the spinal cord to help produce voluntary movements that involve skill and purpose. |
| Extrapyramidal | This tract consists of motor neurons that originate in the motor cortex and travel from the frontal lobe to the pons where they conduct impulses r/t maintenance of muscle tone and body control. |
| Olfactory | This cranial nerve carries the smell impulse from nasal mucous membrane to brain. |
| Optic | This cranial nerve carries visual impulses from eye to brain. |
| Oculomotor | This C.N. contracts eye muscles to control eye movements, contracts pupils, and elevates eyelids. |
| Trochlear | This C.N. contracts one eye muscle to control inferomedial eye movement. |
| Trigeminal | This CN carries sensory impulses of pain, touch, and temp from the face to the brain and influences clenching and lateral jaw movements (biting, and chewing) |
| Abducens | This CN controls lateral eye movements |
| Facial | This CN does taste and stimulates secretions from salivary glands and tears from lacrimal glands. It also supplies the facial muscles and affects facial expressions. |
| Vestibulocochlear | aka acoustic.. this CN contains sensory fibers for hearing and balance. |
| Glossopharyngeal | This CN contains sensory fibers fr taste and sensory fibers of the pharynx resulting in the gag reflex. Also promotes swallowing. |
| Vagus | This CN carries sensations from the throat, larynx, heart, and abd viscera. Also promotes swallowing and talking. |
| Spinal accessory | This CN innervates neck muscles to promote movement of shoulders and head rotation. |
| Hypoglossal | This CN innervates tongue muscles that promote movement of food & talking. |
| Weber | This is the test where you put the tuning fork on top of the head and test whether the client can hear the vibration equally well in both ears. |
| Rinne | This test is where you strike the tuning fork and put it behind the client's ear and test the BC vs AC. The AC should be longer than the BC. |
| Brudzinskis sign | This can be performed to check for meningeal inflammation. When the neck is flexed, the hips and knee flex. |
| Kernig's Sign | This can be performed to check for meningeal inflammation. When the clients leg is flexed at the hip and knee and then the leg is straightened. Normally, there should be no pain felt. |
| Posterior Column | This neural pathway carries sensations of vibration, position, and fine touch. |
| Spinothalamic | This neural pathway carries sensations of pain, temperature, and crude/light touch. |
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