cytology and histology test
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Created by:
sofiamuscatello on November 6, 2011
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 3 main areas of a cell | cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm |
| where is mRNA located | in the nucleus and on any ribosomes in the cell |
| function of mRNA | to transcribe DNA |
| structural type of mRNA | primary |
| function of tRNA | locate and attach to amino acids, match its anticodon to the codon on mRNA, translate mRNA into a protein |
| tRNA can change its shape and has many jobs | adapter molecule |
| which of the 4 arms of tRNA attaches to an amino acid? | 3' end |
| which of the 4 arms of tRNA attaches to mRNA? | the anticodon |
| which of the 4 arms of tRNA attaches to another tRNA? | the D loop and PψT loop |
| the ladder like structure of DNA is considered | primary structure |
| double helix structure of DNA is considered | secondary structure |
| constituents of DNA | phosphates, riboses, A,T,C,G |
| which bond is weakest | that between A and T |
| DNA in tertiary structure | nucleosome, chromatid |
| DNA in quaternary level | chromosome |
| Which level is considered chromatin? | double helix |
| most unique characteristic of the mitochondria? | self replication as it has its own DNA |
| Kreb's Cycle takes place in the ___ of the mitochondria | matrix |
| The function of the mitochondria does not include | storing ATP |
| functions of Golgi | storage and packaging, makes peroxisomes and lysosomes, apoptosis |
| alternate names for smooth ER | agranular, sarcoplasmic |
| alternate names for rough ER | granular, ribosomal |
| which type of ER is directly connected to the nuclear membrane | rough |
| Which type of ER primarily functions to metabolize lipids, steroids, carbohydrates, regulate calcium, and detoxify drugs? | smooth |
| Which type of ER primarily functions to synthesize proteins and glycosylation? | rough |
| Smooth ER and Golgi are distinguished by the fact that the lamellae in Golgi are | separate sacs |
| The methylation of DNA and RNA is thought to have a part in | transcription |
| Acetylation causes DNA to | unwind and be transcribed |
| Methylation causes DNA to | coil up tight and not be read |
| Vesicles that bring foods and nutrients into the cell do so by | invagination of the cell membrane and endocytosis |
| function of lysosomes | cell digestion, lysis of invading organisms, production of lipases, hydrolases, proteases |
| what part of the double layer phospholipid membrane is hydrophobic? | the long fatty acid tails within |
| which part of the double layer phospholipid membrane is polar? | the round phosphate heads |
| function of the plasma membrane | control what goes in and out of the cell or organelle it protects |
| acts as a receptor or transducer of molecules | integral protein |
| move laterally through PLM | peripheral protein |
| provide rigidity to the PLM | cholesterol |
| allows rapid absorption of lipids | phospholipid bilayer |
| hormones, targeting domains, toxins, or electron carriers | peripheral proteins |
| allows rapid movement of water into or out of the cell | aquaporin |
| allows for rapid movement of dissolved ions | integral protein |
| cell is performing its daily functions | G1 phase |
| nuclear membrane forms | Telophase |
| chromosomes align in the middle of the cell | metaphase |
| cell membrane starts to pinch at center | telophase |
| nuclear membrane starts to dissolve | prophase |
| a spindle is formed between the centrioles as they move to opposite sides of the cell | prophase |
| chromatids separate along the spindles | anaphase |
| chromatin condenses into chromosomes | prophase |
| centrioles pull on the centromeres of the chromatids | anaphase |
| ovum is in this stage most of its existence | G1 |
| when the outcome of division is two exact daughter cells in a prokaryotic cell it is called | mitosis |
| when the outcome of division is four haploid cells in a eukaryotic cell it is called | meiosis |
| when the outcome of division is two genetically different daughter cells in a prokaryotic cell by swapping DNA through a pilus, it is called | conjugation |
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