history chapters 9-11
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88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 messiah | "anointed one" of God |
| proselytes | means converts |
| Herod the Great | married into a Jewish family, was ruling Judaea in Palestine as the local king and deputy of Rome. |
| churches | local assemblies or bodies of believers |
| AD 100 | all 27 books of the new testament had been written |
| martyr | means witness |
| Tertullian | "the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church" contended against Monarchianism |
| stephen | first christian to be martyred |
| James (son of zebedee) | first apostle to be martyred |
| philip | cruelly scourged and crucified or tied to pillar and stoned |
| matthew | started churches in Ethiopia. Was staked out on ground and beheaded. |
| James (the less) | overseer in Jerusalem. Was thrown off the temple pinnacle, but doesn't die. He prays for them and they beat him to death. |
| Matthias | preached in Ethiopia. Was martyred in Judah. crucifixion or stoned. beheaded at the end. |
| Andrew | preached in western asia. converted wife of roman governor of greece. crucified on "X" shaped cross. Hung on cross for # days and preached to those nearby. |
| Mark | helped paul and peter. large hooks were tied to him and he was dragged through the streets. |
| peter | crucified upside down |
| paul | beheaded |
| Jude | travelled in mesopatamia, syria and arabia. crucified. |
| bartholomew | told to recant. beat him with rods, crucified upside down, filleted alive and finally beheaded. |
| Thomas | preached in India and Ethiopia. Arrested in India told to recant. Tortured him w/ red hot plates, threw him into furnace, but he would not burn. |
| luke | 84 yrs. old. preached in Greece. hung him from an olive tree. |
| John | boiled in oil, exiled to Patmos, brought back and forced to drink poison. died of natural causes. |
| Nero | First persecution: peter and paul martyred. |
| Domitian | second persecution: He wanted to be worshipped as god. catacombs, and John exiled to Patmos |
| Trajan | Third persecution: Christianity a capitol crime, Ignatius, eustachius, and poly carp martyred. |
| Ignatius | thrown to wild beasts during third persecution. |
| Eustachius | killed a long with his family. third persecution |
| polycarp | Convert of John. Burned at the stake, but wouldn't burn. stabbed him, and his blood put out the fire. Third persecution. |
| Marcus Aurelius | Fourth persecution: He was a philosopher. Justin Martyr and Blandina martyred. |
| Justin Martyr | christian philosopher who was martyred during fourth persecution. "I am a Christian, having been freed by Christ, and by the grace of Christ, I partake of the same hope." |
| Blandina | christian slave girl. Horribly tortured from morning til night. fourth persecution. "I am a christian; among us no evil is done." |
| Septimus Severus | fifth persecution: particularly fierce in North Africa and Egypt. Irenaeus, and perpetua and Felicitas martyred. |
| Irenaeus | disciple of polycarp and Bishop of lyons in Gaul. wrote against gnosticism |
| Perpetua and Felicitas | noblewoman and her slave who were gored to death by savage beasts. |
| Maximinus thrax | sixth persecution: ordered the death of all church leaders. lasted 2 yrs. |
| Decius | seventh persecution: Required a sacrafice to Rome. Christians refused and then wouldn't receive the special certificate. Theodora and Origen martyred. |
| Origen | A christian philosopher and theologian from alexandria, escaped the persecution under Maximinus Thrax, but was so horribly mutilated in Decius's persecution that he died shortly thereafter. wrote the first book of systematic theology in the early church. |
| Valerian | eighth persecution: an even fiercer persecution than Decius. confiscated property of Christians and forbade them to assemble for worship. killed all clery and laymen if they refused to renounce Christ. Cyprian martyred. |
| Cyprian | Church father who refused to renounce Christ. was beheaded for being a ruler in the "wicked conspiracy" of Christianity. |
| Aurelian | ninth persecution: started persecution but was murdered by his own soldiers shortly thereafter. |
| Diocletian | Tenth persecution: claimed himself and his co-emperor, Maximian, as Dominus Noster ("our lord") and demanded worship. killed the whole theban legion. |
| 313 | Edict of Milan; constantine |
| apologists | those who attempted to reasonably defend Christianity against pagan defamations |
| Tatian | a pupil of Justin Martyr, compiled the first harmony of the Gospels, and in his incisive Address to the Greeks, proved the superiority of Christianity over Greek philosophy and religion. |
| Monarchianism | denied the doctrine of the trinity. |
| Anthanasius | arian controversy. wrote the Anthanasian creed which defends christ's deity |
| Jerome | translated the scriptures into the latin vulgate |
| creed | the faith defined |
| Theodosius I | Christianity became the only legal faith, the state religion of the Roman Empire. |
| Justinian I | the first great leader of the byzantine empire. main ambition was to restore the old Roman Empire's glory by embarking on a program of military expansion architectural activity, and legal advancement. |
| Belisarius | Justinian's gifted general |
| Hagia Sophia | the most magnificent church building of the early MiddleAges and the greatest achievement of Byzantine architecture. "Holy Wisdom" |
| Christendom | the portion of the world in which christianity was the dominant religion |
| Justinian code | codification of existing Roman law which Justinian combined with biblical principles |
| Emperess Theodora | Justinian's lovely, intelligent wife |
| Greek Fire | a byzantine invention similar to a flame thrower. |
| Iconoclastic | image destroyer |
| icon | an abstract, simplified image or picture of Christ, mary, or one of the saints |
| seljuk turks | vicious warriors from central asia who took much of the middle east from the arabs. Also accepted Islam and became extremely fanatical. |
| Alexius Comnenus | appealed to the Roman church and the people of western europe to drive out the "infidels." Crusades started meant to reclaim the holy land, but it back fired and Constantinople itself was attacked. |
| Mohammad II | Conquers constantinople and Byzantine empire. 1453 |
| Apostolic Succession | Christ had his apostles, and they had there's and so on down the line til we get to the current Bishops of the Church of rome |
| Petrine theory | falsified theory that christ founded his church upon Peter and that peter passed on this authority to the bishops of rome |
| Pope | means father. Bishop of Rome |
| Pope Leo I | persuaded attila the Hun not to attack Rome |
| gelasius I | pope who created the "two swords" doctrine making the pope and bishops supreme over all human rulers in matters relating to God. |
| sacraments | means of getting God's grace |
| excommunicated | cut off from the church |
| transubstantiation | doctrine that the bread and wine actually become Christ's flesh and blood in the priest's hands |
| John Wycliffe | gave the english people the bible in their own tongue by translating it from latin to english. |
| Peter Waldo | translated the Bible for the people of the alps about 200 years earlier than Wycliffe |
| Breviary | the service and worship book of the church |
| Monasticism | withdrawing from society to live in solitude |
| monastaries | religious communities isolated from the rest of society |
| John Huss | Bohemian. Burned at the stake. His followers were called Hussites |
| clovis | the great frankish military leader who was baptized into the church in 498 on Christmas Day. |
| merovingian | ruling family who were the "do nothings" because they kept fighting amongst themselves for who would be king. |
| Battle of Tours | 732. Charles martel stops the muslim advancement into france. |
| Pepin the Short | mayor of the palace. was crowned king by the pope. started the Carolingians. |
| Papal states | Donation by pepin the short. Land of the lombards in Italy whom pepin conquered |
| Charlamagne | was crowned charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans on Christmas Day, AD 800 |
| Missi Dominici | the kings envoys; judges |
| Treaty of Verdun | sets stage for modern europe |
| lay investiture | prohibits the power of nobles and kings to choose bishops or other church officials. gave the power solely to the church. Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII |
| Innocent III | declared the pope and the church the mediator between God and man; below God, but above man. King John vs. Innocent III |
| Holy office of inquisition | a court with power to inquire about and judge matters of heresy |
| Bull | an official decree by the pope |
| Avignon | temporary city where the papacy was moved to. |
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