Ch. 31
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Created by:
SloanBousselaire on November 6, 2011
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Term Study
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cytoplasmic streaming | this allows for fungus to grow so fast because cell walls are gone, cytoplasmic contents of other cells can contribute to growth at the end of the cell |
| all fungi share which of the following characteristics: A) symbiotic B) heterotrophic C) flagellated D) pathogenic E) act as decomposers | B) Heterotrophic |
| which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they diverged earliest in fungal evolution? A) the absense of chitin in cell walls B) coenocytic hyphae C) flagellated spores D) formation of resistand zygosporangia E) Parasitic lifstyle | C) Flagellated Spores |
| Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi? A) ascospores B) basidiospores C) zygosporangia D) condidiophores E) ascocarps | D) condidiophores |
| The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often: A) a moss B) a green alga C) a brown alga D) an ascomycete E) a small vascular plant | B) a green alga |
| among the organisms here which are thought to be the clostest relatives of fungi? A) animals B) vascular plants C) mosses D) brown algae E) slime molds | A) Animals |
| the adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to A) the ability to form haustoria and parasitize other organisms B) avoid sexual reproduction until the environment changes C) increased probability of contact between different mating types D) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition | D) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absoptive nutrition |
| Which describes Fungi correctly? A) phototrophs B) chemotrophs C) photoautotrophs D) heterotrophs | D) heterotrophs |
| How do these heterotrophic fungi eat? A) by attacking their prey with stinging enzymes B) by secreting digestive enzymes, then digesting C) by using mycelium to capture prey D) by fixing nitrogen | B) by secreting digestive enzymes and then digesting it |
| Fungi are heterotrophs that are A) sapophonic B) sapotrophic C) heteromonophyletic D) secreted | B) sapotrohpic |
| Fungi are more closely related to A) animals B) plants C) bacteria D) cnidarians | A) animals |
| What is a mass of hyphae called? A) mycorrizae B) flagellated protists C) septate D) mycelium | D) mycelium |
| Which is the correct order of an asexual fungal life cycle? A) spore producing structure > spores > mycellium > germination B) spore producing structure > germination > spores > mycellium C) mycellium > germination > spores > spore producing structure D) spore producing structure > spores > germination > mycellium | D) spore producing structure > spores > germination > mycellium 1n |
| True or False: Spores produced by asexual reproduction in fungus are genetically identical to their parents, there is no recombination | True |
| Which is a true expression of zygomycetes? A) spores B) fruit C) mold D) lichen | C) mold |
| Which is an example of ascomycetes? A) lichen B) mold C) mushrooms D) pilobolus E) both B and A | A) lichen |
| Which is an example of a basidiomycete? A) mushrooms B) rusts and smuts C) maiden veil fungus D) shelf fungi E) all of the above | E) all of the above |
| How might humans use fungi for their benefit? A) a drug used to get high B) a way to inhibit growth of an animal C) fermenting alcohol D) make soda E) both C and D | E) both fermentation and making citric acids to make soda |
| What infections might a fungus create? A) pink eye B) toncellitous C) yeast infection D) all of the above | C) yeast infection |
| The cyanobacteria on lichen are A) ants B) produce O2 C) are photosynthetic D) fix nitrogen E) both C and D | D) fix nitrogen |
| Fungis (along with bacteria) are primarily responsible for A) producing oxygen B) keeping the forest floor stocked with nutrients C) producing phosphorus D) human use for essential nutrients | B) keeping ecosystems stocked with essential nutrients for plant growth |
| Which characteristics distinguish fungi from members of other multicellular kingdoms: A)grow by forming multicellular filaments B)eat by ingesting food C) D)eat by absorbing food from environment E) | ... |
| True or False: fungi eat by secreting powerful hydrolic enzymes into their surroundings > break down into small compouns > fungi absorb into their bodies and use | true |
| Fungi's ecological role may be A) mutualists B) predators C) photoautotrophs D) all of the above | A) mutualists, as well as parasites and decomposers |
| Describe the basic body plan of a fungus | cell walls are made of chitin, body of fungi form a network of hyphae which is called a mycelium which infiltrate the food for the fungus |
| True or False: Most fungus grow above ground, hence a mushroom aids the ability to get nutrition | false, most fungus grow undeground, the mushroom is simply a reproductive structure |
| Mycorrhizae are A) parasitic relationships with plants and fungus B) a symbiotic relationship formed while the fungus fees C) a mutal relationship between fungi and plant roots D) more than one above | C) mycorrhizae are mutally beneficial relationships between plant roots and fungus |
| Ectomycorrhizae A) are inside the plant root B) are wrapped around the plant root C) grow haustorium D) absorb water & nutrients especially phosphorus E) more than one above | E) more than one above: B) and D) endomycorrhizae are mycorrhizae that are wrapped around the plant root and also absorb water and nutrients especially phosphorus |
| During plasmogamy A) the heterokaryotic stage preceeds this B) two parent mycelia unite through cytoplasms C) the haploid nuclei fuse to produce two diploid cells D) zygotes and other tansient structures form | B) two parent mycelias unite their cytoplasm |
| During karyogamy A) the only diploid stage in reproduction B) nuclei fuse C) the production of diploid cells occurs D) yeilds proper 2n cells E) all of the above | E |
| What makes the heterokaryotic stage special in fungal sexual reprodcution? A) they are the only diploid stage B) they release sexual signaling molecules called phermones C) they are the only haploid stage D) they do not fuse their nuclei together and are only n+n | D) the hyphae only fuse their cytoplasm, not yet their nuclei, after plasmogamy the cells become heterokaryotic or n+n |
| Opisthokonts refers to which of the following: A) a group of prokaryotes B) the polyphyletic group that forms a clade C) refers to the posterior location of flagellum D) the clade who's ancestor was a unicellular flagellated protist E) more than one above | E) a opishokont is both a clade whose ancester was a unicellular flagellated protist (includes animals, fungi and protistian relatives) the name also refers to the posterior location of flagellum |
| Which suggests that fungi and animals are more closely related to one another? A) fungi evolved from a single-celled bacterium B) the study of microsporandia C) their common ancestor who has flagella D) none of the above | C) the common ancestor to fungi and animals was a unicellular flagellated protist |
| True or Flase: Nearly all zygomycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae and are therefore extemely ecologically important | False. Nearly all GLOMEROMYCETES form arbuscular mycorrhizae with about 90% of the plant species |
| List a few ways in which humans use fungi. | Make bread, ferment alcohol, make citric acids, make antibiotics like penicillin |
| Which is true about the relationship betwen farmer ants and fungi? A) they are mutualists B) they are harmful to one another C) they have been known to wipe out entire species of ants D) the fungi break down plant leaves into substances that the ants can digest E) both A and D are true | E) farmers ants and fungi depend on eachother for life: the ants feed the fungi leaves which gives them nutrients and the fungi break down plant leaves into substances that the ants can digest |
| What is a lichen? A) what forms from a symbiotic relationship between animals and plants B) a symbiotic association betwen photosynthetic microorganisms and a fungus C) fungi that live on the inside of leaves or other plant parts without causing harm D) small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae | B) they are a symbiotic association between photosynthetic microorganisms and fungi. they act as pioneers by growing on rocks, trees, rotting logs |
| Which of the following are the roles of the fungal component of lichen? A) algae provide carbon compounds B) cyanobacteria fix nitrogen C) the provision of a sustainable environment for growh D) the enablement of rusts and smuts E) all but D | E) all are correct but D |
| Which is the most correct answer as to how do lichens act as pioneers for burned soil? A) they are the only organism strong enough to penetrate such hard surfaces B) they influence the land with rich minerals C) they break down the surface by physically penetrating & chemically attacking it D) none of the above | C) they break down the surface by penetration and chemicals, also nitrogen-fixing lichens add organic nitrogen to some ecosystems which make it possible for a succession of plant to grow |
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