Chapter 4 study guide: the cell
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Created by:
espobeast8 on November 6, 2011
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terms and concepts and parts of cell (functions, location, made out of)
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Robert Hooke | looked at dried cork under microscope. called the things he saw "cells" (dead cell guy) |
| Leeuwenhoek | "father of microbiology" discovered bacteria in his teeth "living cell guy" |
| cell theory parts | 1. basic unit of structure and function in organisms 2. all life forms are made up of cells 3.all cells come from preexisting cellsreproduction |
| cell diversity | 1. size (large/small) 2. shape (how they look) 3. internal organization |
| SIZE | size can limit a cells ability to absorb essential materials like (water, sugar, and minerals) limited by SURFACE AREA : VOLUME RATIO |
| size | varied most microscopic some visible |
| shape | determines cell function (notes) |
| cellular organization | cells>tissue>organ>organ system |
| colonial organisms | group of unicellular organisms living together and not dependent of each other |
| prokaryote | simple cells unicellular lack nucleus and other membrane bound organelles DNA free floating |
| eukaryote | complex cells many organelles contain nucleus |
| cell membrane made up of | phospholipid bilayer (polar, hydrophilic phosphate head and two nonpolar, hydrophobic fatty acid tails) proteins embedded within bilayer |
| cell membrane function | allows only certain molecules to leave cell separates internal metabolic reactions from external environment allows cell to excrete wastes and interact with environment |
| nucleus | houses DNA controls. incharge. "the brain" make ribosomes |
| cytoplasm | jelly like breaks down nutrients for other organelles dissolves cell waste |
| mitochondria | transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP CREATE ENERGY |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis build protein and ship |
| endoplasmic reticulum | primarily an intracellular highway, a path from which molecules move from one part of the cell to another rough and smooth |
| rough ER | make and store proteins make phospholipids |
| smooth ER | travel protein builds lipids |
| golgi apparatus | modifies proteins and ships them create lysosomes |
| lysosomes | fight viruses in cell carry enzymes that break down macromolecules into simpler substances |
| cytoskeleton | maintains cell shape provides path for molecules and organelles to move through cell structure (anchors nucleus) protects from harm |
| cilia and flagella | hairlike structures that extend from surface of cell assist in movement and filtering cilia= short and many flagella= long and usually not many |
| cytosol | contains molecules and small particles, not membrane-bound organelles |
| cell wall | made of cellulose protects provides structure |
| vacuoles | small in animal cells VERY LARGE in plant cells helps remove waste keep structure stores water and enzymes, wastes, others filled with water plant stands upright |
| plastids (mainly chloroplasts) | many kinds makes plants green use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water PHOTOSYNTHESIS |
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