AP Gov't- Wilson Chapter 6
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 affirmative action | Designing remedies for overcoming racism and sexism by taking race and sex into account |
| aliens | any persons who are not U.S. citizens |
| Regents of UC v Bakke | A Supreme Court ruling stating that a college may not use an explicit numerical quota in admitting minorities but could "take race into account", The Court held that while affirmative action systems are constitutional, a quota system based on race is unconstitutional. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | A Supreme Court descision declaring segregated inherently unequal |
| buffer zone | Device used, and upheld by the Court to address concerns about protestors at abortion clinics |
| civil rights | The rights of citizens to vote, recieve equal treatment before the law, and share benefits of public facilities. |
| compensatory action | Helping disadvantaged people catch up, usually by giving them extra eduacation, training, or services. |
| de facto segregation | segregation that exists by that was not created by law |
| de jure segregation | segregation created by law |
| equality of results | distributing desired things equally to the races |
| freedom of choice | a school integration plan mandating no particular racial balence |
| Griswold v. Connecticut | Landmark case in which the Court first founf a "right to privacy in the Const. |
| Hyde Amendment | Legislation that barred the use of the federal funds for nearly any abortion. |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | An early nonvolent leader in black civil right |
| NAACP | a black interest group active primarily in the courts |
| nonviolent civil disobedience | a philosophy of peaceful violation laws considered unjust and accepting punishment for the violation |
| NOW | a leading feminist organization |
| Plessy v. Fergeson | a supreme court decision upholding state enforced racial segregation |
| preferential treatment | giving minorities preference in hiring, promotions, college admissions, and contracts |
| reasonableness | the standard by which the court judges gender-based classifications |
| Reconstruction | post-civil war era when southern laws protected blacks' freedoms |
| Reed v. Reed | Landmark case declaring gender discrimination a violation under the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and asserting the reasonableness standard for such discrimination |
| reverse discrimination | the use of race or sex to giver preferential treatment to blacks or women |
| Roe v. Wade | a ruling that declared all state laws prohibiting abortion unconstitutional |
| Rostker v. Goldberg | a ruling that held the Congress may draft men but not women |
| separate-but-equal doctrine | the standard under which the court once upheld racial segregation |
| strict scrutiny | the standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race; they must have a compelling public purpose |
| suspect classification | A legal distinction that the Supreme Court scrutinizes especially closely |
| equality of opportunity | offering the races an equal chance at desired things |
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