| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Shin splints | inflammation of the musculotendious tissues originating on the tibia due to repetitive stress |
| anterolateral shin splints | ant. tib, ext. hallicus longus, ext. digitorum longus |
| posteromedial shin splints | pots. tib., flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus |
| tibial stress fractures | anterior tibial -common in retetitive jumping. other locations fibula, distal posteromedial tibia |
| tibial stress fractures signs/symptoms | localized pain over midanterior tibia that increases with activity and relieved by rest. tuning fork or hopping hurt |
| tibial stress fractures contributing factors | increased pronation, high arch |
| tibial stress fractures treatment | stop aggravating activity, substitute non-WB ex., Ice, estim, stretch, open chain. avoid high heeled shoes. may wear short leg cast 6 - 8 weeks |
| achilles tendinitis | inflammation of achilles - poor circulation 2- 6 cm proxixmal to calcaneal insertion |
| achilles tendinitis signs/symptoms | pain stiffness - uphill walking and stretch or contraction of plantar flexors hurt |
| achilles tendinitis treatment | AAA, shoes, orthotics, heel lift, Ice in acute stage, US later |
| achilles rupture | occurs with sudden plantat flexion during jumping or accelerating |
| achilles rupture signs/symptoms | walk with limp, plantarflexion weak and painful, tibialis posterior and peroneals still work, possitive thompson test |
| achilles rupture treatment | surgical repair, 6 - 8 weeks immobilization, WB and dorsiflex limitations, full WB heel raises 3mos, recover 6 mos. |
| Ankle sprains | inversion injury to lateral ligament, eversion relatively rare |
| Ankle inversion sprain | Anterior talofibular, 1st to get injured, may have medial ankle pain if deltiod ligament is contused |
| ankle eversion sprain | may be an avulsion fracture to tibia before deltiod ligament tears |
| ankle sprain treatment | limit swelling, RICE first 24 - 48 hrs., no active inversion or eversion initially. Partial WB prevent muscle atrophy, achilles contracture, circulatory stasis, proprioceptive loss |
| excessive pronation (pes planus) | flat foot problem of hypermobility - loose foot - eversion of calcaneus during midstance, IR of tibia, lowering of medial arch, medial bulging (ADD) of talor head |
| excessive supination (pes cavus) | problem of hypomobility - rigid foot |
| excessive pronation / supination treatment | proper shoes and use of orthotics |
| stress fractures of foot | excessive pronation march fracture, excessive supination jones fracture |
| march fracture | navicular and 2nd metatarsal |
| jones fracture | 5th metatarsal |
| stress fracture of the foot treatment | 2nd rest NWB ex. / navicuar and 5th NWB short leg cast or internal fixation |
| Plantar fascitis | inflammation of plantar aponeurosis |
| plantar aponeurosis function | foot and bracing of longitudinal arch - tension increases as wt. shifted to ball of foot and toes extend |
| plantar fascitis contributing factors | excessive pronation or supination |
| plantar fascitis treatment | avoid walking barefoot, vigorous achilles stretch, soft orhtotics |
| Hallus valgus deformity | valgus positioning of great toe, tender swelling of 1st MTP (bunions) |
| Morton's nueroma | most common LE nerve problem - neuroma around nerve sheath of common plntar nerve, between 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads |
| morton's neuroma signs/symptoms | burning sensation in the forefoot that radiates to toes and releived when NWB - aggravated by high heels |
| marton's neuroma treatment | appropriate shoes and soft orthotic pads to lift and seperate metatrrsals cortizone |
| tarsal tunnel syndrome | trauma or tendinitis constrict tibial nerve behind medial malleolus |
| tarsal tunnel syndrome signs/symptoms | entrapment of tibial nerve - pain and paresthesia along sole of foot / plantar surface |
| high ankle sprain | syndesmosis that stabilizes distal tibiofibular joint |
| sever's disease (calcaneal apophysitis) | inflammation of calcaneal growth plate - shearing force by achilles |
Combine with other sets
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