BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCE DEFINITIONS/ MODULE 1
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122 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ABDUCTION | Moving a part away from the midline of the body |
| ADDUCTION | Moving a part towards the midline |
| ALOPECIA | Hair loss of any kind |
| ANATOMICAL POSITION | Reference position that gives meaning to the directional terms used to describe the body parts and regions |
| APOCRINE GLAND | Found primarily in the skin of the armpit and the pigmented skin areas around the genitals |
| ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE | These muscles contract only when we are frightened or cold causing GOOSE BUMPS |
| ARTICULAR CARTILAGE | Thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphyses; functions like a small rubber cushion would if it were placed over the ends of bones where they form a joint; absorbs shocks and helps bones of the joints move with less friction |
| BOILS | Also called FURUNCLES |
| CARDIAC MUSCLE | Composes the bulk of the heart |
| CARPALS | Irregular bones at upper end of hand; anatomical wrist |
| CHONDROCYTES | Cartilage cells |
| CIRCUMDUCTION | Moves a part so that its distal end moves in a circle (when a pitcher winds up to throw a ball, she circumducts her arm) |
| CLAVICLE | Collar bones |
| CRAMPS | Painful muscle spasms (involuntary twitches) |
| CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE | Another name for skin; is the primary organ of the integumentary system |
| DEEP | Farther away from the body surface |
| DIAPHRAGM | Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| DIAPHYSIS | Hollow tube made of hard compact bone (the shaft of a bone) |
| DIAPTHROTIC JOINTS | Most of our joints are diarthrotic and are made up of a joint muscle |
| DISLOCATION | Another name for subluxation |
| DISTAL | Away from of farthest from the point of origin of a body part (OPPOSITE OF PROXIMAL) |
| DORSAL CAVITY | Includes the cranial (brain) and spinal cavities |
| DORSIFLEXION | Top of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward; movement of ankle, changes foot direction |
| DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY | Most common form of muscular dystrophy |
| ECCRINE GLANDS | More numerous, important and widespread |
| ENDOSTEUM | A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity |
| EPIPHYSEAL PLATE | Growth will continue until this plate fuses together to make an epiphyseal line |
| EPIPHYSES | Ends of the bone, red bone marrow fills in small spaces in the spongy bone composing the epiphyses |
| ETHMOID | Cranial bone |
| EXTENSION | Makes the angle between two bones at their joint larger than it was at the beginning of the movement |
| FALSE RIBS | There are 5 pair (10 total); lowest two pairs do not attach to the sternum |
| FEMUR | Thigh or upper leg bone; only bone in the thigh and is the longest bone in the body |
| FIBROMYOSITIS | Inflammation of muscle tissue accompanied by inflammation of nearby tendon tissue |
| FIBULA | Lies along the outer or lateral border of the lower leg |
| FIRST DEGREE BURN | A typical sunburn; causes minor discomfort and some reddening to the skin (a partial thickness burn) |
| FLEXION | Movement that makes the angle between two bones at their joint smaller than it was at the beginning of the movement |
| FRONTAL BONE | Cranial bone |
| FRONTAL SECTION | Divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back portions) |
| FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM | Movement, posture, heat production and fatigue |
| GOOSE PIMPLES | Caused by the arrector pili muscle |
| GOUTY ARTHRITIS | A metabolic condition in which uric acid, a nitrogenous waste, increases in the blood |
| HAIR FOLLICLES | a small tube where hair growth occurs |
| HEMATOPOIESIS | Blood cell formation |
| HINGE JOINTS | A type of diarthrotic joint. Example: Elbow joint |
| HOMEOSTASIS | The relative constancy of the internal environment |
| HUMERUS | Long bone of upper arm; second longest bone of the body |
| INPETIGO | Highly contagious condition that results from staphylococcal or streptococcal infection and occurs most often in young children |
| INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS | A variety of pathogens can infect synovial membranes and other joint tissue. Ex: lyme disease |
| INFERIOR | Lower or bone |
| ISCHIUM | One of the bones that joins with two others to form the hip |
| ISOMETRIC | When a muscle contracts and no movement results |
| ISOTONIC | Muscle changes length and the insertion end moves relative to the point of origin |
| KYPHOSIS | Abnormal thoracic curvature (HUNCHBACK) |
| LACTIC ACID | Produced as a result of energy release without significant oxygen supply |
| LORDOSIS | Swayback |
| MALE PATTERN BALDNESS | Inherited trait |
| MASTOIDITIS | Inflammation of the air spaces within the mastoid portion of temporal bone |
| MEDIAL | Toward the midline of the body (opposite of lateral) |
| MEDULLARY CAVITY | Hollow area inside the diaphysis of bone; contains soft yellow bone marrow |
| METACARPALS | Form framework of palm of hand |
| METATARSALS | Form part of the foot to which toes are attached |
| MIDSAGITTAL PLANE | A sagittal plane divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides; if these two sides are equal, it is midsagittal plane |
| MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY | Increase in muscle size |
| MUSCLE TONE | Maintains posture |
| MYALGIA | Muscle pain |
| MYASTHENIA GRAVIS | A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness, especially in the face and throat |
| OSTEOMALACIA | Vitamin D deficiency (in adults) |
| OSTOPOROSIS | Disorder in which bones lose minerals and become less dense; most common and serious bone disease that occurs more frequently in postmenopausal women with calcium deficiencies |
| OSTEOSARCOMA | Occurs in the distal femur and proximal areas of the tibia and humerus nearly twice as many males are affected as females and most cases occur between 20 and 40 years of age |
| PAGET DISEASE | Characterized by localized intermittent and uncontrolled episodes of almost "frenzied" osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and (bone forming) activity. Often asymptomatic |
| PARIETAL PERITONEUM | Serous membrane that covers and is adherent to the surface of the abdominal cavity |
| PATELLA | Kneecap |
| PATHOLOGY | Scientific study of disease |
| PELVIC GIRDLE | The hip, connects the bones of the thigh, leg, ankle and foot |
| PERIOSTEUM | Strong, fibrous membrane covering a bone everywhere except at joint surfaces (where it is covered by articular cartilage |
| PERITONITIS | Inflammation of the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity |
| PHALANGES | Finger bones |
| PLANTAR FLEXION | The bottom of the foot is directed downward so that you in effect, standing on your toes; movement of the ankle, changes foo direction |
| PLEURISY | Painful pathological condition characterized by inflammation of the serous membranes (pleura) that line the chest cavity and cover the lungs |
| POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP | Temporary amplifies or reinforces the change that is happening (ex: birth) |
| POSTERIOR | Back or in back of |
| PRONATION | Hand position with the palm of your hand so that it faces posteriorly |
| PRONE | Body lying face down |
| PROXIMAL | Toward of nearest the truck of the body, ofr nearest the point of origin of its parts (opposite of distal) |
| QUADRANTS | Right upper, Right lower, Left upper and Left lower |
| RADIUS | Bone on thumb side of forearm |
| REGIONS | Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region, Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region, Right iliac (inguinal) region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac (inguinal) region |
| RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS | An autoimmune disease involving chronic inflammation of connective tissues |
| RICKETS | Vitamin D deficiency (in kids) |
| ROTATION | Movement around a longitudinal axis (you rotate your head and neck by moving your skull from side to side as in shaking your head no) |
| RULE OF NINES | Most frequently used method in determining the extent of a burn injury |
| SAGITTAL PLANE | A lengthwise plane running from front to back, dividing the body or any if its parts into right and left sides |
| SCAPULA | Shoulder blades; scapula plus clavicle forms shoulder girdle |
| SCOLIOSIS | Abnormal side to side curvature |
| SEBACEOUS GLAND | Secretes oil for the hair and skin |
| SECOND DEGREE BURN | Involves the deep epidermal layers and always causes injury to the upper layers of the dermis (partial thickness burn) |
| SINUSITIS | Inflammation of the sinuses |
| SKELTAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS | Support, protection, movement, storage (for calcium), hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) |
| SKIN CANCER | Common causal factor is exposure for the suns UV rays |
| SPHENOID | Cranial bone |
| SPRAIN | When an injury occurs in the area of a joint and a ligament is damaged |
| STERNUM | Breastbone |
| STRAIN | Overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers, characterized by muscle pain |
| STRIATED MUSCLES | Attaches to bone, so it is skeletal, is voluntary and has cross stripes or striations |
| SUBLUXATION | Another name of dislocation |
| SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS | Sweat glands |
| SUPERFICIAL | Hand position with the palm turned to the anterior position (as in the anatomical position) |
| SUPINATION | Hand position with the palm turned to the anterior (as in the anatomical position) |
| SUPINE | Body lying up (lying on your spine) |
| TARSALS | Form heel and back part of foot; anatomical ankle |
| THIRD DEGREE BURN | Completely destroys the epidermis and dermis (full thickness burn) |
| TIBIA | Shin bone |
| TINEA | General name for many different myscoses (fungal infections) of the skin |
| TRANSVERSE PLANE | Divides the body into upper and lower halves |
| TRUE RIBS | There are 7 pairs (14 total) of true ribs |
| TWITCH | Quick jerky response to a stimulus, can be seen in isolated muscles during research but they plan a minimal role in normal muscle activity |
| ULNA | One of the two forearm bones; located on the little finger side |
| VERTEBRAL COLUMN | Bones included: cervical, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx |
| VISCERAL PLEURA | Serous membrane that covers and is adherent to the surface of the lungs |
| VOLUNTARY MUSCLE | Also can be called striated and skeletal muscles because their contractions are controlled 'voluntarily' |
| WARTS | Caused by the papilloma virus |
| ZYGOMATIC | Face bone, cheek muscles |
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