DNA structure and Replication
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Created by:
carly_brenneman on November 7, 2011
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7 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Race to find structure of DNA | Watson and Crick (1953) - Linus Pauling - Rosalind Franklin/Maurice Wilkins |
| X-ray diffraction was needed to elucidate structure | Crick - showed that: DNA was a constant diameter (2 nm) |
| Structure of DNA | - monomer unit is the nucleotide - base pairing: Adenine always pairs with Thymine Guanine always pairs with Cytosine |
| Replication | - conservative or semi-conservative (or "dispersive"?) - discovered to be "semi-conservative." Parent molecules stay intact. |
| steps of replication | - occurs with help from an enzyme: DNA polymerase strings nucleotides together - polymerization of nucleotides is endergonic (i.e. a more complex molecule is formed) 1) each DNA strand is a template 2) bases enter at attachment point as a triphosphate 3) two phosphates are cleaved - this provides the energy needed to attach the base 4) hydrogen bonds with template base |
| Mutation | - Point mutation: wrong base pairing - Point mutation: added (or deleted) base |
| how to edit out mistakes | - damage can occur from chemicals, UV light... - common mistakes: - depurination (loss of G or A) (can lose 10,000/day) - deamination - thymine dimers - from UV radiation ...all errors result in the synthesis of a wrong protein |
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