ch 14 Endocrinology
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Created by:
luckymdl_02 on November 8, 2011
Description:
spelling and terms for endocrinology system
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acromegaly | enlarged extremities |
| diabetes mellitus | condition that occurs when the pancreas produces too little insulin, resulting in an increase in the level of blood glucose |
| glycosuria | the presence of abnormally high levels of sugar in the urine -Glucose in urine |
| gynecomastia | excessive development of the breasts in males |
| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, particularly in women |
| hyperthyroidism | excessive activity of the thyroid gland |
| pituitary gland | the master gland of the endocrine system |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction) |
| synergism | combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone |
| thyromegaly | abnormally enlarged thyroid gland |
| homeostasis | the ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant |
| islets of Langerhans | clusters of endocrine cells that secrete two hormones directly into the circulatory system. Each islet has a population of alpha cells, which secrete the peptide hormone glucagons, and a population of beta cells, which secrete the hormone insulin. |
| ketoacidosis | presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| euthyroidism | normal thyroid function |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger and eating |
| pancreas | gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid |
| hypothalamus | a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion |
| parathyroid glands | four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid; parathormone (PTH), the hormone produced by the glands, helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood |
| adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. |
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