Ancient Greece: Ch.4 Sect. 1-3
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Minoans | 2700 B.C- 1450 BC. Werent greek but were influenced by the Greeks. suffered sudden collapse in 1450 BC from tidal wave that triggered a volcanic eruption or from invasions from the Mycenaeans |
| Mycenaeans | monarchy on the greek mainland. 1600 BC- 1100 BC. strong Military |
| Dark Age | 1100 BC- 750 BC. during this time population decreases, food decrease, absence of writing, fighting between citystates and natural disasters. |
| Changes of the Dark Age | many greeks left for ionia. Aeolians colonized Lesbos and Dorians settled in the peloponnese. revival of trade and economic activity. iron used more in weapons and tools |
| Homer | our only "primary source" of the time period. wrote the iliad and the odyssey( about the trojan war) |
| Arete | heroes striving for excellence |
| polis | greek citystate |
| acropolis | fortified area at the top of a hill, used for refuge during invasion and as a temple. |
| Agora | open market beneath the acropolis |
| Hoplites | heavily armed foot soldiers |
| Phalanx | marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation. |
| Greek Expansion | 750 BC-550 BC greeks began to leave homeland to colonize |
| Greek Colonies | in thrace, Byzantium, Hellespont and Bosporus straits and across the mediterranean |
| Tyrants | rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats |
| Democracy | rule by the people |
| Oligarchy | rule by few |
| Sparta | conquered to gain more land. Military state. Men were in army from 20-60 and went to military school from 7-20.discouraged foreigners, studies of the arts, philosophy or literature. had Ephorate. |
| helots | conquered peoples |
| ephors | 5 men elected annually that controlled youth education and conduct of all citizens |
| Athens | first king, then oligarchy then started basis for democracy. |
| Draco | codified laws and made debtors become slaves(harsh penalties) |
| Solon | undid the works of Draco and freed slaves but refused to take land from the rich, beginning tyranny |
| Peisistratus | pleased merchants and the poor |
| Cleisthenes | started the council of 500 and athenian assembly/ democracy |
| council of 500 | supervised foreign affairs, oversaw the treasury and proposed laws |
| Athenian Assembly | composed of male citizens, allowed to pass laws through free and open debate. |
| Darius | wanted revenge on the ionians for revolting and on the athenians for supporting them. Died in 486 BC |
| Xerxes | also wanted revenge. His forces included 180000 troops and thousands of warships |
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