| Term | Definition |
|---|
| The Compromise of 1850 | california addmitted as a free state, new mexico and utah territories decided by popular sovereignty, abolition of slave trade in washington, DC, tougher fugitive slave law passed |
| Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 | "bloodhound bill" ,slaves couldn't testify, denied a jury trial |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848 | Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River, Mexico gave the U.S. California and New Mexico, U.S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico |
| Popular Sovereignty | Who:Lewis Cass, the people of a territory should determine for themselves whether or not to permit slavery |
| Zachary Taylor | "Hero of Buena Vista" |
| Free Soil Party | Election of 1848, Martin Van Buren |
| Homestead Act 1862 | Lincoln, granted 160 acres of public land free to anybody willing to farm for at least five years |
| California Gold Rush | Gold discovered at Sutter's Mill in California, Need govt., issue of slavery brought up |
| William Seward | Whig Senator frm New York, believed obey God's moral law, anti-slavery |
| Matthew Perry | sent by Fillmore to open trade with Japan |
| Millard Fillmore | 13 president, led to second "era of good feelings", signed the fugitive slave act |
| Harriet Tubman | Helped runaway slaves to north, Civil War spy, Conductor of the Underground Railroad |
| Soujourner Truth | Abolitionist, women's rights speaker |
| Election of 1852 | Franklin Piece(winner) vs Winfield Scott |
| Gadsden Purchase of 1853 | U.S. purchased land for $10 million bc of transcontinental railroad route |
| Bleeding Kansas | proslavery froces v. antislavery forces, issue on Kansas becoming a slave state |
| New England Emigrant Aid Company | antislavery organization, sent 2 thousand ppl to populate Kansas to help vote AGAINST slavery |
| Border Ruffians | proslavery ppl from Missouri that flooded into Kansas to help vote for slavery |
| Brooks/Sumner Affair | Sumner gives speech against slavery, Brooks angry and beats him in his own home with a cane, crippling Sumner for years |
| Republican Party | Sprung up in the midwest protest against slavery (whigs, democrats, free-soilers, know-nothings, ppl mad at Kansas-Nebraska Act) |
| Election of 1856 | ppl voted for James Buchanan bc they were afraid the South would secede and they would lose money |
| Lecompton Constitution of 1857 | Ppl voted for statehood with or without slavery |
| Dred Scott Decision of 1857 | Dred Scott was a slave sued for his freedom, slaves were property not ppl, caused tension b/ north and south |
| John Brown's Raid | 1859, raided harper's ferry, wanted to get weapons to start slave rebellion in south, captured and put to death |
| Election of 1860 | Lincoln v. Democrats(one from north, south), democratic party split, lincoln wins and south secedes leading to the Civil War |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, showed life of slavery, Northern outraged at South |
| Sectional Balance Problems | Texan argued New Mexico land was theirs, A move to abolish slavery in Washington,DC, Underground Railraod |
| Seccession in South | Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas formed the Confederate States of America |
| Jefferson Davis | President of Confederate States of America in 1861 |
| Wilmot Proviso | barred slavery from the territory acquired |
| Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 | Neither America or Britain can control the canal in Central America |
| Treaty of Kanagawa of 1854 | opens ports in Japan to America, helps end Japanese isolation |
| William Walker | Became president of Nicaragua in 1856 after an expedition to Central America, executed by Honduran govt. |
| Cuba | South wanted Cuba to extend slavery, Ostend Manifesto offer $$ to Spain, if not then take it by force, plan failed, angered Northeners |
| Ostend Manifesto | top secret offer $120 million for Cuba from Spain, take it by force if Spain doesn't accept |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Douglas's bill proposed the division of the Nebraska Territory through which the railroad would run, Residents of Kansas and Nebraska decide permit slavery or not |
| Levi's | German immigrants traveling to west to start their own store supply, saw miners needed sturdy clothes and made denim jeans |
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