| Term | Definition |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) | an important antioxidant and general health promoter. Ascorbic acid is the functional form of vitamin. It assists with the formation of collagen, the "intercellular glue" that holds the body together. It protects against stress, pollutants, and drugs and is a natural antibiotic. It is necessary for the correct functioning of the adrenal glands and thyroid and for healthy teeth, gums, and bones. |
| Vitamin C absorption | Primates, including humans, lack the enzyme necessary for this conversion so must obtain ascorbic acid from their diet.destroyed by air, storage, smoking, cooking, and stress. |
| Vitamin C deficiencies | Tooth decay, soft and bleeding gums, capillary weakness, bruises easily, slow wound healing, premature aging, tender painful swollen joints, reduced secretion of adrenals, poor lactation and low resistance to infection. |
| Vitamin C sources | Vitamin C rich foods include rose hips Rosa canina, citrus fruits, berries, melons, cabbage, parsley, sprouts, tomatoes, potatoes, and peppers. |
| Bioflavonoids (vitamin P) | Any of a group of compounds containing a characteristic aromatic nucleus and widely distributed in higher plants, often as a pigment; a subgroup with biologic activity in mammals |
| Flavonoids | can be found alone, known as the aglycone form, or in combination with a sugar, known as the glycoside form. |
| isoflavonoids | an important subclass of flavonoids that contains daidzein, genistein, found in soy, clover, and other plants. |
| Bioflavanoids | strengthen capillaries, prevent oxidation of vitamin C in the body, and enhance the properties of vitamin C. |
| Flavonoids | antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, sedative, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, weakly estrogenic and stabilization of capillary permeability. |
| isoflavonoids | have estrogenic properties that make them helpful for supporting hormone balance especially in peri-menopausal women. |
| Bioflavanoids Deficiency Symptoms | Blue spots on the skin, capillary weakness, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, hemorrhoids, spider veins, bleeding gums, hemorrhaging, eczema, psoriasis, and arteriosclerosis. |
| Bioflavanoids sources | Citrus fruit (especially the pith), rose hips Rosa canina, green peppers, grapes, apricots, strawberries, black currants, cherries, prunes, and buckwheat. Cooking destroys it. |
| Carotenoids | also pigments found in all plants. They are 40 carbon atoms that include carotenes, xanthrophylls, and retinoids. They can contain six carbon rings, but these rings are not benzene rings, due to the lack of double bonds. So technically, they are not considered flavonoids. In animals several are metabolized to vitamin A the most common being beta-carotene. Other common ones include lycopene found in tomatoes and capsanthin found in red pepper. Many are used as food colorings. |