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Light Microscope microscope that uses a beam of light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object Electron Microscope microscope that forms an image by focusing beams of electrons onto a specimen Magnification the act of expanding something in apparent size Resolution A measure of the clarity of an image Scanning Tunneling Microscope microscope that measures differences in voltage of electrons leaving the surface of an object and creates a three-dimensional image of the object; can be used to study living organisms Cell Theory idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells Cell Membrane thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Cytoplasm where the chemical reactions take place in a cell Cytoskeleton network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement Ribosomes Involved in making proteins Prokaryotes Bacteria, no nucleus Eukaryotes All cells except bacteria, have a nucleus Cell Wall Gives structure to bacterial and plant cells Flagella whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement Nucleus a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction Organelle A tiny membrane bound cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell Cilia short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell Phospholipid Found in the cell membrane, consists of a polar head & nonpolar tail Lipid Bilayer double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes, nonpolar Endoplasmic reticulum a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids Vesicle A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell. Golgi Apparatus stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes An organelle containing digestive enzymes Mitochondria Organelle that makes ATP, chemical energy to do the work of the cell Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce glucose (sugar) for the cell (photosynthesis) Central Vacuole a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with water and nutrients, also helps cell to be rigid when full