| Term | Definition |
|---|
| solution | consists of a dissolved solid or gas in a liquid or two liquids mixed togetherr |
| solute | the dissolved solid in a solution |
| solvent | the liquid portion of a solution |
| concentration | the mass of dissolved per 100cm3 of solvent. units g/100cm3. |
| saturated solution | a solution in which no more solid can be dissolved |
| solubility | the concentration of a saturated solution. It is a characteristic property that is dependent on both the solute and the solvent |
| precipitate | a solid that crystallizes from a saturated solution |
| methanol | wood alcohol. used as fuel and solvent. poisonous |
| ethanol | grain alcohol. once known as "water that burns", "alcohol vini" and "essence of wine". Used as a fuel, solvent, beverage and medicine |
| isopropanol | rubbing alcohol. Used as a solvent and astringent |
| sulfuric acid | once known as oil of vitriol. Used as solvent |
| hydrogen | once known as "flammable air" Less dense than air. produces water when ignited |
| "hydro" | prefix meaning water |
| "gen" | suffix meaning "producing" or "generating" |
| methane | marsh gas. flammable. less dense than air produces water when ignited |
| carbon dioxide | density is greater than air. does not burn. |
| dry ice | solid carbon dioxide. melts -78.5 C. Evaporates directly to the gas state (no liquid) |
| acidic solutions | solutions that have sour taste and can dissolve minerals and metals to a greater extent than water. |
| carbonic acid | an acidic solution formed when raindrops dissolve CO2 as they pass through the atmosphere. limestone is very soluble in this and can lead to sinkholes. |
| acid rain | water falling to the earth that contains dissolved sulfur dioxide. Will cause surfaces of buildings to dissolve and is damaging to plants and animals. |
| Hard Water | Water containing excessive amounts of calcium carbonate. Water has a mineral like taste and soaps do not lather well in it. |
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