5 Written Questions

1. a muscular tube connecting the mouth and stomach
2. the breakdown of food into small enough pieces to allow for absorption
3. the most important catalyst in the breakdown of carbohydrates
4. secreted in the tongue, beings the breadown of lipids
5. the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate compounds

5 Matching Questions

1. After the monoglycerides and fatty acids are released by lipase activity:
2. Type I Diabetes Mellitus
3. Where are the feces held?
4. How do animals get the chemical energy and carbon-containing building blocks they need?
5. Mass Feeders

1. a they eneter the epithelial cells attached to a protein named fatty-acid binding protein
2. b from carbohydrates and fats
3. c in the rectum, the final part of the large intestine, until they can be excreted
4. d people who do not synthesize insulin
5. e what the majority of animals are. they seize and manipulate chunks of food by using jaws, teeth, beaks, or special toxin-injecting organs

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. experience abnormally high levels of glucose in their blood
   1. Chief Cells
   2. Mucous Cells
   3. Parietal Cells
   4. Diabetes Mellitus
2. Each of the 3 types of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
   1. What must be broken down during digestion?
   2. At the end of the small intestine:
   3. Where does digestion begin?
   4. What is the cecum called in humans?
3. an outpocketing of the digestive tract located at the start of the large intestine
   1. Lipase
   2. Cecum
   3. Insulin
   4. Vitamins
4. inorganic ions that influence osmotic balance and are required for normal membrane function
   -essential for humans: Na+, K+, Cl-
   1. Proteases
   2. Peristalsis
   3. Enterokinase
   4. Electrolytes
5. enter the small intestine as large globules that must be broken up (empulsified) before digestion can begin
   1. Chylomicrons
   2. Enterokinase
   3. Hydrophobic Fats
   4. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

5 True/False Questions

1. Vitamins → produced in the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high.

   True        False

2. Fluid Feeders → suck or lap up fluids

   True        False

3. At the end of the small intestine: → muscle contractions in teh stomach result in churning that mixes and breaks down the food mechanically

   True        False

4. 2 general principles apply to nutrient absorption by epithelial cells of small intestine: → -it is highly selective; the plasma membranes of microvilli are responsible for bringing specific nutrients into the cell
   -it is active; it requires an expenditure of ATP to bring nutrients into the epithelium against a concentration gradient

   True        False

5. Why does the small intestine have an enormous surface area? → for absorption of nutrients due folding and to projections called villi, which in turn have projections called microvilli

   True        False