| Term | Definition |
| phenotype | the outward appearance of an organism |
| genotype | is the instructions written in the organism's DNA |
| natural selection | is one of the main mechanisms by which biological evolution can take place |
| biological evolution | a change in a population of organisms. |
| evolution | is a change in the genotypes of a population |
| phenotypic variation | There must be phenotypic variation in a population (e.g., chestnut oak trees in Sewanee differ in height = phenotypic variation |
| heritable | This phenotypic variation must have at least some basis in the genotype |
| evolutionary fitness | Organisms that leave more surviving offspring than do other organisms are said to have higher |