| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Separate or attempt to separate joint surfaces | what are the application of a mechanical force |
| Elongate the surrounding soft tissue structure | what are the application of a mechanical force |
| Cervical | what are the types of spinal traction |
| Lumbar | what are the types of spinal traction |
| Thoracic | what doesn't have much movement, so we don't apply traction there |
| Mechanical | what are methods of administering traction |
| Manual | what are methods of administering traction |
| Positional | what are methods of administering traction |
| Continuous | what is a type of mechanical traction |
| Sustained/Static | what is a type of mechanical traction |
| Intermittent | what is a type of mechanical traction |
| Continuous | what type of mechanical traction is constant force for several hours, lasts 10-14 days, small amounts of force, during complete bed rest |
| Sustained | what type of mechanical traction is similar to continuous but no longer than 45 min at a time, shorter duration = higher forces that can be used, used for muscle relaxation, soft tissue stretching, separation of bony surfaces |
| Intermittent | what type of mechanical traction is altenating between hold and release for 10-30 min treatments, uses high forces, for separating bony surfaces, mob joints, stretch soft tissue, relax muscles |
| Manual | what may be performed by the therapist or patient, high forces for 15-60 sec, provided in various positions |
| Positional Traction | what uses gravity and body weight to relieve pressure, usually 5-30 mn |
| Sustained, Intermittent, Manual, Positional | what types of traction can be used for Distraction |
| Continuous, Sustained, Intermittent, Manual, Positional | what types of traction can be used for Soft Tissue Stretch |
| Continuous, Sustained, Intermittent, Manual, Postitional | what types of traction can be used for Muscle Relaxation |
| Intermittent, Manual | what types of traction can be used for Joint Mobilization |
| Continuous | what types of traction can be used for Immobilization |
| Sustained, Intermittent, Manual, Positional | what types of traction can be used for Immobilization |
| Joint Distraction | what is the separation of two articular surfaces perpendicular to the plane of the articulation |
| Joint Distraction | what reduces compression on joint surfaces and widen intervertebral foramina |
| Decreased pressure on articular surfaces, intraarticular structures, or spinal nerve root | what happens when there is reduced compression on joint surfaces |
| May decrease pain originating from joint injury, inflammation, or nerve root compression | what happens when there is reduced compression on joint surfaces |
| Amount of force applied must allow the soft tissue surounding the joint to elongate | what needs to happen with distraction of the spinal apophyseal joint |
| 7% | what percent of force of body weight does it take to distract a Cervical joint |
| 50% | what percent of force of body weight does it take to distract a Lumbar joint |
| Healthy spine | what has greater distraction than degenerated spine with the same amount of force |
| Clicking back of disc fragment | what are some mechanisms of action to reduce disc protrusion |
| Suction due to decreased intradiscal pressure | what are some mechanisms of action to reduce disc protrusion |
| Tensing of posterior longitudinal ligament at posterior aspect of disc pushing displaced material back into position | what are some mechanisms of action to reduce disc protrusion |
| Spinal traction | what is not shown to be effective with large discal herniations or calcified protrusions |
| At least 60 lbs | what is a sufficient force to produce effects on lumbar spine with traction |
| Soft tissue stretching | what increases the distance between vertebral bodies and facet joint surfaces |
| Soft tissue stretching | what type of traction utilizes moderate-load, prolonged length of time |
| Spinal joint distraction | what may soft tissue stretching contribute to |
| Reduction of disc protrusion | what may soft tissue stretching contribute to |
| Increased spinal ROM and decreased pressure on facet joint surfaces | what may soft tissue stretching contribute to |
| Decreased pressure on intervertebral nerve roots | what may soft tissue stretching contribute to |
| Muscle relaxation | what facilitates relaxation of paraspinal muscles |
| Reduced pressure on pain-sensitive structures | what muscle relaxation may be result of pain reduction due to |
| Gating of pain transmission by stimulation of mechanoreceptors | what muscle relaxation may be result of pain reduction due to |
| Joint mobilization | what uses high-force traction stretches surrounding soft tissue structures to increase joint mobility |
| Patient immobilization | what is used in very low-load (10-20 lbs), prolonged continuous traction for hours to days |
| Patient immobilization | what is generally used at home and not in therapy/hospital setting |
| Back or neck pain, with or without radiation | what are the symptoms of disc bulge or herniation |
| Reduction of disc bulge/protrution | what are indications of disc bulge or herniation |
| Best when applied shortly after injury, while tissue is fairly soft | what are indications of disc bulge or herniation |
| Traction may reduce current injury and prevent further disc herniations | what are indications of disc bulge or herniation |
| Patient education | what is the #1 thing to help with the recurrence of disc bulge or herniation |
| Correction of faulty posture or body mechanics | what education do you teach to help with recurrence of disc bulge or herniation |
| Lumbar stab through exercise or corset | what education do you teach to help with recurrence of disc bulge or herniation |
| Self traction | what education do you teach to help with recurrence of disc bulge or herniation |
| Cautious, gradual return to activity | what education do you teach to help with recurrence of disc bulge or herniation |
| Neurological deficits from impingement (sharp, stabbing pain) | what are symptoms of nerve root impingement |
| Herniated discal material or Ligament encroachment | what does nerve root impingement result from |
| Narrowing of intervertebral foramen or Osteophyte encroachment | what does nerve root impingement result from |
| Spinal nerve root swelling or Spondylolisthesis | what does nerve root impingement result from |
| Decreasing spinal loading | what helps decrease impingement with traction |
| Simultaneous glide and joint distraction | what happens with joint hypomobility during traction |
| Best for use when multiple sites affected | what are indications for joint hypomobility with traction |
| Combined hypo and hypermobility within the spine | what are contraindications for joint hypomobility |
| Subacute joint inflammation | what is an indication for spinal traction |
| Disc bulge/herniation | what is an indication for spinal traction |
| Nerve root impingement | what is an indication for spinal traction |
| Joint Hypomobility | what is an indication for spinal traction |
| Reduction of pressure on inflamed joint surfaces | what happens with subacute joint inflammation during spinal traction |
| Gating of pain transmisssion with intermittent tractions | what happens with subacute joint inflammation during spinal traction |
| Help maintain normal fluid movement and prevent edema formation at joint | what happens with subacute joint inflammation during spinal traction |
| Results in inhibition of the pain-spasm-pain cycle | what happens with paraspinal muscle spasm during spinal traction |
| Results in inhibition of the alpha motor neuron firing from stimulation of GTOs | what happens with paraspinal muscle spasm during spinal traction |
| High load traction | what may reduce spasm caused by underlying pathologies |
| Static, high-load or intermittent, low-load | what parameters do you use with traction for paraspinal muscle spasm |
| Unstable fracture or cord compression or soon after spinal surgery | what are absolute contraindications for spinal traction |
| With an acute injury or inflammation (within last 72 hrs) unless Dr orders cont. | what are absolute contraindications for spinal traction |
| Joint hypermobility or instability | what are absolute contraindications for spinal traction |
| Peripheralization of symptoms with traction | what are absolute contraindications for spinal traction |
| Uncontrolled hypertension (for inversion traction) | what are absolute contraindications for spinal traction |
| Recent fracture or Joint dislocation | what may result in joint hypermobility or instability |
| Surgery or High relaxin levels in pregnancy | what may result in joint hypermobility or instability |
| Poor posture or Congenital ligament laxity | what may result in joint hypermobility or instability |
| Joint hypermobility or instability | what is common in C1-C2 articulations for patients with Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Joint hypermobility or instability | what is common in C1-C2 articulations for patients with Down's syndrome |
| Joint hypermobility or instability | what is common in C1-C2 articulations for patients with Marfan's syndrome |
| Progression of spinal symptoms to perpheral area indicates worsening nerve function and increasing compression | what is peripheralization of symptoms with traction |
| Decrease load or change patient's position | what happens there is peripheralization of symptoms with traction |
| Structural disease or conditions affecting the bones of the spine | what are precautions/relative contraindications for traction |
| Pressure of belts or Displacement of Annular Fragment | what are precautions/relative contraindications for traction |
| Medial disc protrusion or Severe pain fully relieved by traction | what are precautions/relative contraindications for traction |
| Claustrophobia or Cannot tolerate prone or supine position | what are precautions/relative contraindications for traction |
| Malignancy or Disorientation | what are precautions/relative contraindications for traction |
| TMJ problems or Dentures | what are precautions/relative contraindications for traction |
| Tumor or Infection or RA | what are structural disease/conditions affecting the bones of the spine |
| Osteoporosis or Prolonged systemic steroid use | what are structural disease/conditions affecting the bones of the spine |
| Pregnancy or Hiatal hernia or Vascular compromise | when can pressure of traction belts be hazardous |
| Osteoporosis or Cardiac/Pulmonary patients or Cerebrovascular compromise (positive vertebral artery test) | when can pressure of traction belts be hazardous |
| Medial disc protrusion | what may cause aggravation of symptoms with medial movement of nerve root when traction force is applied |
| Reflexes, strength, sensation | what do you check if all pain is removed with traction |
| Decrease force of pull by 50% or modify direction of pull | if complete block is not suspected due to severe pain fully relieved by traction what do you need to do |
| Try to avoid sneezing or coughing | what patient instructions do you give before traction treatment starts |
| Empty bladder/eat small meals | what patient instructions do you give before traction starting |
| Prior symptoms increased or rebound increase of pain initially | what adverse effects of traction are there |
| Lumbar radicular discomfort after intermittent cervical traction | what adverse effects of traction are there |
Combine with other sets
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