1.
...: The word "chimps" contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).
2.
Algorithm: A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
3.
Algorithm: To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of a(n) _____.
4.
Aphasia: Due to an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. Jenny is most likely to experience _____.
5.
Aphasia: Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
6.
Availability Heuristic: Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
7.
Availability Heuristic: The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of _____.
8.
Babbling: Vocal sounds that are not included in one's native language first begin to disappear from usage during the _____ stage of language development.
9.
Babbling Stage: Beginning at 3 to 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
10.
Belief Perseverance: When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor's limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy's reaction best illustrates _____.
11.
Belief Perseverance: Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
12.
Broca's Area: Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
13.
Chomsky: Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"?
14.
Cognition: The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
15.
Cognitive Psychology: In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent?
16.
Concept: A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
17.
Concepts: Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop _____.
18.
Confirmation Bias: A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
19.
Confirmation Bias: Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates _____.
20.
Fixation: The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
21.
Fixation: Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize that the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates a _____.
22.
Framing: The way an issue is posed
23.
Functional Fixedness: Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates _____.
24.
Functional Fixedness: The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
25.
Grammar: In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
26.
Heuristic: A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
27.
Heuristic: In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan's self-reminder illustrates the use of a _____.
28.
Insight: A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem
29.
Intuition: An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
30.
Language: Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
31.
Language Acquisition Device: Exposure to language during a critical period is instrumental in establishing a child's _____.
32.
Language on Thinking: During a lecture, your professor says, "A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of _____.
33.
Linguistic Determinism: Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
34.
Mental Set: A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
35.
Morpheme: In language, the smallest unit that carries meaning
36.
One-Word Stage: The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
37.
Overconfidence: The tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments
38.
Overconfidence: Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit _____.
39.
Phoneme: In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
40.
Prototype: We more quickly recognize that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird because a blue jay more closely resembles our _____ of a bird.
41.
Prototype: Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his _____ of a sport.
42.
Prototype: A mental image or best example of a category
43.
Representativeness Heuristic: Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes
44.
Semantics: The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
45.
Syntax: The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
46.
Syntax: In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns as in "green car." This illustrates an English language rule of _____.
47.
Telegraphic Speech: Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words
48.
The Representativeness Heuristic: A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly seeking to take advantage of _____.
49.
Two-Word Stage: Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements.
50.
Wernicke's Area: Controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe
