| Term | Definition |
|---|
| John Lightfoot | Using similar works to Ussher also published a chronology that placed the age of earth at 4004 BC, October 25th |
| James Ussher | Using Old Testament and other Rabbinical sources, calculated the age of the earth as 4004 BC (Pinpointed the date Sunday, October 23rd) |
| William Stuckley | The second Chosen Chief of the Druid Order (a Masonic type British organization in the 1700s); Recorded systematically ancient British monuments like Avebury and Stonehenge |
| William Pengelly | Stratigraphic excavations at Brixham and Kent's cave; Definitively demonstrated that extinct animals were found in association with humans—over multiple stratigraphic levels (couldn't be explained by flood in Bible) |
| Charles Lyell | Law of Uniformitarianism and Law of Superposition; British geologists who worked on 1850 Mississippi River Geological Survey (with Eugene Hilgard) |
| Charles Darwin | Differential reproduction; natural selection |
| C.J. Thomsen | Three Age System (stone, bronze, iron); seriation; identified problems of dating; Head of Danish Royal Museum in 1816 |
| Franz Boas | Culture history; Each culture should be viewed within own historical and cultural context; No overriding path of development |
| Julian Steward | Student of Boas; Cultural ecology (the relationship between a given society and its natural environment); multilinear evolution |
| Lewis Binford | Processualism; Archaeology should be looking for laws of universal cultural change; tried to bring scientific aspects to archaeology |
| Cyrus Thomas | Formation of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1881); concluded Native Americans were the moundbuilders |
| Ian Hodder | Father of post-processual archaeology (relationship b/w individuals and society) |
| Thomas Jefferson | One of the first archaeological digs; 1787 publication, Notes on the State of Virginia, describes excavation of an Indian burial mound on the Rivanna River |
| Alfred V. Kroeber | Student of Boas; archaeology as part of anthropology in U.S. |
| Eugene Hilgard | Professor of Agricultural Chemistry at UCB, worked with Lyell on Mississippi River geological survey; father of soil science |
| S.G. Morton | Physical anthropologist who collected skulls; Found from his data that the craniums of archaeological samples and those of the native people were identical (racist) |
| Walter Libby | Developed radiocarbon |
| John Lubbock | Unilinear evolution; Argued that technological simplicity = intellectual simplicity |
| Henry Glassie | Material Culture (records human intrusion in the environment) |
| Michael Blakey | Only African American Biological anthropologist working in the U.S.; lead scholar on osteological remains (African burial ground) |
Combine with other sets
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