Unit 13 Notes
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111 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 otolaryngologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the ears, nose and throat |
| pulmonologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues |
| respiratory therapist | provides treatment to ease or correct breathing problems |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | a general term used to describe a group of respiratory conditions characterized by chronic airflow limitations |
| asthma | a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty |
| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles resulting from an earlier lung infection that was not cured |
| emphysema | progressive loss of lung function due to a decrease in the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and then the progressive destruction of their walls |
| smoker's respiratory syndrome | a group of symptoms seen in smokers. Include cough, wheezing, vocal hoarseness, sore throat, difficulty breating, and susceptibility to respiratory infections |
| allergic rhinitis | an allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus |
| croup | an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and barking cough |
| diptheria | an acute infectious disease of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the presence of diptheria bacteria |
| epistaxis | bleeding from the nose, usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders |
| influenza | an acute, hightly contagious viral respiratory infection, spread by respiratory droplets, that occurs most commonly during the colder months |
| pertussis | also known as whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by a paroxysmal cough |
| rhinorrhea | an excessive flow of mucus from the nose |
| sinusitis | an inflammation of the sinusesq |
| upper respiratory infection | the common cold (also called nasopharyngitis) |
| pharyngitis | also known as a sore throat, is an inflammations of the pharynx |
| pharyngorrhagia | bleeding from the pharyx |
| pharyngorrhea | a discharge of mucus from the pharynx |
| laryngospasm | a sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx |
| aphonia | the loss of the ability to produce normal speech sounds |
| dysphonia | any voice impairment including hoarseness, weakness, or loss of voice |
| laryngitis | an inflammation of the larynx |
| tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea |
| tracheorrhagia | bleeding from the trachea |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchial walls |
| bronchorrhagia | bleeding from the bronchi |
| bronchorrhea | an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
| pleurisy | an inflammation fo the visceral and parietal pleura in the thoracic cavity |
| pleuralgia | pain in the pleura or in the side |
| pneumothorax | an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse |
| pleural effusion | abnormal escape of fluid into the pleural cavity that prevents the lung from fully expanding |
| empyema | an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
| hemothorax | an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity |
| hemoptysis | spitting of blood or blood-stained septum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage |
| acute respiratory distress syndrome | a type of lung failure resulting from many different disorders that cause pulmonary edema |
| pulmonary edema | an accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
| pneumorrhagia | bleeding from the lungs |
| atelectasis | a condition in which the lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond the bronchioles that are blocked by secretions |
| tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| muti-drug resistant tuberculosis | a dangerous form of tuberculosis because the germs have become resistant to the effects of most TB drugs |
| pneumonia | an inflammation of the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid |
| main causes of pneumonia | bacteria, viruses, fungi, or inhaled substances such as chemical irritants or vomit |
| bacterial pneumonia | the only form of pneumonia that can be prevented through vaccination |
| viral pneumonia | accounts for approximately half of all pneumonias and may be complicated by an invasion of bacteria with all the symptoms of bacterial pneumonia |
| lobar pneumonia | affects one or more lobes of a lung |
| bronchopneumonia | a form of pneumonia that begins in the bronchioles |
| double pneumonia | involves both lungs |
| aspiration pneumonia | may occur when a foreign substance, such as vomit, is inhaled into the lungs |
| mycoplasma pneumonia | milder but longer lasting form of pnuemonia caused by fungi |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | caused by an infection of the pneumocystis carinni bacteria |
| pneumoconiosis | an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that ususally develops after years of environmental or occupational contact |
| anthracosis | caused by coal dust in the lungs |
| asbestosis | caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and is found in workers from the ship building and construction trades |
| byssinosis | caused by cotton, flax, or hemp dust in the lungs |
| silicosis | caused by silica dust or glass in the lungs |
| pulmonary fibrosis | the formation of scar tissue that replaces pulmonary alveolar walls |
| idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | a type of pulmonary fibrosis for which a cause cannot be identified |
| cystic fibrosis | a genetic disorder in which the lungs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus |
| eupnea | easy or normal breathing |
| tacypnea | an abnormally rapid rate of respiration |
| bradypnea | an abnormally slow rate of respiration |
| apnea | the absence of spontaneous respiration |
| sleep apnea syndrome | a group of potentially deadly disorders in which breathing stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable descrease in blood oxygen levels |
| chyene-stokes respiration | a pattern of alternating periods of hyperpnea |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| hyperpnea | increase in the depth and rate of respiratory movements |
| hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration |
| hyperventillation | abnormally rapid death breathing resulting in a loss of CO2 |
| airway obstruction | a foriegn object blocking the air passage |
| anoxia | the absence o of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues |
| asphyxia | pathologic changes caused by a lack of oxygen in air that is breathed in |
| asphyxiation | the interruption of breathing causing a loss of conciousness |
| cyanosis | the blueish coloration of skin due to a lack of oxygen |
| hypoxia | having subnormal oxygen levels in the cells, less severe than apoxia |
| respiratory failure | the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low, or CO2 becomes too high |
| sudden infant death syndrome | death that randomly occurs to sleeping infants |
| respiratory rate | the number of respirations per minute |
| pulmonary function tests | a group of tests used to measure the capacity of the lung to hold air as well as their ability to move air in and out and to exchange ocygen and CO2` |
| phlegm | thick mucus secreted by the tissues that line the respiratory passages |
| brochoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope |
| larygnoscopy | the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope |
| spirometry | Measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air |
| turberculin skin testing | a screening test to detect TB |
| chest imaging | shows pneumonia, tumors, pleural effusion, TB |
| brochoconstrictor | narrows the opening of the passages into the lungs |
| septoplasty | the surgical reconstruction of the nasal septum |
| sinusotomy | surgical incision into a sinus |
| functional endoscopic sinus surgery | the surgical enlargement of the opening between the nose and sinus |
| pharyngoplasty | the surgical repair of the pharynx |
| pharyngostomy | surgical creation of an artificial opening into the pharynx |
| pharyngotomy | surgical incision of the pharynx |
| laryngectomy | removal of the larynx |
| laryngoplasty | repair of the larynx |
| endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway |
| tracheoplasty | repair of the trachea |
| trachorrhaphy | sutturing of the trachea |
| tracheotomy | emergency procedure to clear a blocked passage |
| tracheostomy | inserting a tube into the trachea to improve air flow or remove secretions |
| stoma | an opening on the body surface |
| pneumonectomy | removal of all or part of a lung |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe of a lung |
| pleurectomy | removal of part of the pleura |
| thoracentesis | the puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity for diagnostic purposes |
| thoracotomy | surgical incision into the wall of the chest |
| thoracostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the chest |
| supplemental oxygen | administered to add more oxygen to the air taken in |
| postural drainage | a procedure in which the patient is tilted and propped at different angles to drain seceretions from the lungs |
| ventilator | a device for artificial ventillation of the lungs |
| respirator | used for prolonged artificial respiration |
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