| Term | Definition |
|---|
| pangaea | supper continent |
| pangaea | means "all land" |
| Alfred Wegner | Early 1900's |
| Alfred Wegner | observed that continents seemed to fit into one another |
| Name two continents that fit into each other | Africa & South America |
| What did Alfred Wegner beileve? | the continents split apart & continents slid to their present location |
| What evidence supports Wegner's theory? | A) natural of Africa and S. America, B) mountains in Argentina connect w/mountains in South Africa, C) Diamonds found in Brazil & S. Africa, D) Mesosarus fossils found in both continents & E) coal beds in Appalachian Mountains in U.S. matched those in Britain |
| Who proposed the theory of continental drift to other scientists? | Wegner |
| What is continental drift? | the idea that the continents move from one part of the earth to another |
| What objection were presented to the continental drift theory? | A) What moved the continents? B) Why would they break apart? |
| echo sounding | the use of reflected sound to measure distance |
| mid-ocean ridges | these long narrow chains of underwater mountins |
| rift | a deep valley |
| a rift runs down the center of every mid-ocean what? | ridge |
| What comes up from the bottom of the rift and oozes out and spreads to both sides? | lava |
| What is the lava that comes out of the rift called? | pillow lava |
| What happens to the pillow lava after it oozes out of the rift? | it cools and hardens quickly |
| Sea floor spreading | theory that sea floor crust forms at the mid ocean ridges and spreads away from those ridgs in opposite direction |
| What are the continents and sea floor both connected to? | solid outer earth |
| What is the lithosphere? | continents and sea floor are both connected to the solid outer earth and include the crust as well as the upper mantle |
| How thick is the Lithosphere? | 40-60 miles thick |
| What are the sections of the lithosphere called? | plates |
| How many major plates are there? | 12 and many small plates |
| What does the lithosphere rest on top of? | a layer of rock called the Asthenosphere |
| Asthenosphere | the hot layer of the Earth's mantle |
| What does the Asthenosphere do? | It acts like putty and the plates move across its top |
| What two crust can be apart of the same plate? | sea floor crust and continent crust |
| How many inches do the plates move per year? | 1/2 inch to 4 inches |
| plate tectonics | theory that solid plates move on top of the putty like asthenosphere |
| convection | movement of the fluid |
| sliding boundary | sometimes these plates meet in such a way that they slide past each other |
| fault | break or weakness between plane |
| convection | heatig a substance makes the particles move further apart because when you heat something the molecules get excited and spread apart. |
| fluid | Any form of matter that flows |
| What three forms can matter be found in? | liquid, water or gas (air) |
| magma | Some of it escapes through the rift and spreads the plates apart. |
| Where and how does the magma spread? | the magma spreads underneath the lithospheres (plates) and as it moves to the side it pushes the plates apart |
| What happens after the magma cools? | it moves underneath the plates and this makes the magma more dense |
| What falls back under the asthenosphere where it heats up, is recycled and rises again at the rift? | Magma |
| radioystuff | can make the atoms heat and move fast and make the mantle more dense |
| Do diverging boundaries slide under each other yes or no? | No, diverging boundaries do not slide underneath each other |
| Do sliding boundaries subduct? | No, sliding boundaries don't subduct |
| 3 ways for plates to collide | 1) Continental crust meets ocean curst and ocean crust is subducted because it is more dense (basalt), ex: Andes mountains in south America, 2) ocean crust meets ocean crust -the thinnest layer is subducted. ex: Japan and Philippines. 3) continents meets continents train wreck fuse together little subduction occurs. ex) Himalaya Mountaiins - When rock collides under heat and pressure layers fold slow graded process. ex ) Appalachian Mountains |
| anticlines | upward fold |
| symclines | forward fold |
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