| Fluid Intelligence | the ability to solve new problems. It is the ability to draw inferences and understand the relationships of various concepts, independent of acquired knowledge |
| Emotional Intelligence | 1. Perceive emotions: tell what others are feeling 2. Understand emotions recognizing, predicting emotions, how they blend together. (anger+love=jealousy) 3. Regulating emotion: ability to keep emotions in check, Keep from melting down, getting anxious, angry; using emotions in a productive, self-helping way. |
| Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence | Person who loves to play with language, good at remembering names, places, dates, and similar. Learn through language |
| Logical/Mathematical Intelligence | Learner likes to figure things out by asking questions, exploring, and doing some experimenting. Good at math, classifying, categorizing, and working out relationship abstractions. |
| Visual/Spatial | Person who enjoys drawing, designing, and looking at pictures, slides, videos, and films |
| Music/Rhythmic | Hummer of tunes, singer of songs, probably plays an instrument, is always listening to music. Person excels at remembering melody, noticing the rhythms of life, and keeps perfect time. |
| Body/Kinesthetic | Person in motion; touching while talking, and using the body to express ideas. Learning has a kinetic component; interacting with space in some way so as to process, and remember, the new informatoin through the body. |
| Interpersonal | The joiner; always with a group of people and talking with friends. Leading others, organizing, mediating, communicating and understanding people and how to work well with them. |
| Intrapersonal | Person does better alone; purusing self defined interests. Excels at 'knowing' himself, follows instincts with confidence, and is an original. new information is absorbed best when the projects are individual, self-paced, and singularly organized. |
| Algorithm | A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier-but also more error-prone-use of heuristics |
| Representativeness heuristic | Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information. |
| Availability heuristic | Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |
| Framing | The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
| Analytical intelligence | Assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Such tests predict school grades reasonably well but predict vocational success more modestly. |
| Creative intelligence | Demonstrated in reading adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. |
| Practical intelligence | Required for everyday tasks, which may be ill-defined, with multiple solutions. Managerial intelligence, skills at writing effective memos, motivating people, delegating tasks and responsibilities, reading people |
| General intelligence (G) | A general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. |
| Heritability | The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied. |
| Identical twins reared together | Highest similarity of intelligence scores out of twins and siblings |
| Identical twins reared apart (shows some environmental effect) | Second highest similarity of intelligence scores out of twins and siblings. |
| Fraternal twins reared together (shows genetic effects) | 3rd highest similarity of intelligence scores out of twins and siblings. |
| Siblings reared together | 4th highest similarity of intelligence scores out of twins and siblings. |
| Unrelated individuals reared together | 5th highest similarity of intelligence scores out of twins and siblings. |
| Head start program | Children quality program, offering individual attention, increases children's school readiness. But aptitude benefits dissipate over time (reminding us that life experience after the program matters too). |
| intelligence test bias | test-takers expectations, stereotype threat, content validity - on whether it predicts future behavior only for some groups of test-takers, if the test detects performance differences caused by cultural experiences |
| Socio-cultural Psychology | field of psychology which assumes the idea that culture and mind are inseparable, thus there are no universal laws for how the mind works and that psychological theories grounded in one culture are likely to be limited in applicability when applied to a different cultur |
| Myelin Sheath | a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons, vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses |
| Agonist (neurotransmitter) | excites neurons & increases firing by mimicking a neurotransmitter or blocking reuptake |
| Parkinson's Disease | caused by dopamine deficits in the brain (movement circuit). degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's motor skills and speech |
| Color constancy | the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions |
| Classical conditioning | when an animal or person learns to associate a stimulus with a reinforcement or aversion |
| extinction | a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus |
| Schedules of reinforcement | the rule for determining when and how often reinforcers will continue; Four types of schedules: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval; interval means over a time and ratio means an act; partial reinforcement is on a variable schedule whereas continuous reinforcement is on a fixed schedule; variable schedules are more effective in learning |
| Bandura theory of social learning | People learn through observing others' behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. (Bobo doll) |
| Episodic memory | Part of explicit/declarative memory that stores memories of personally experienced events; a mental diary of a person's life |
