Gym Final Tri 1
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167 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 platelets | This helps the blood clot and forms scabs to stop bleeding when an injury occurs. |
| capillaries | Tiny vessels that connect the veins to the arteries |
| neck | The carotid artery is found in the: |
| arteries | What carries blood away from the heart? |
| none of the above | Which of the following is not a function of blood |
| 4 | The heart has how many chambers? |
| aorta | This is the largest artery in the body |
| atrium | This is one of the upper two chambers of the heart where blood enters the heart. |
| systolic pressure | Your blood pressure is at its highest when the heart beats, pumping blood. |
| heart rate | The number of times your heart contracts each minute is called. |
| systolic | This is the pressure between heartbeats when the heart is pumping blood. |
| plasma | This is the liquid component of blood |
| white blood cells | These blood cells surround, attack, and destroy phallanges that enter our body and prevent them from causing infections. |
| red blood cells | Which blood cell transports oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide? |
| blood pressure | This is the force of blood against the artery walls |
| arteriosclerosis | This cardiovascular disease is when the artery walls become harder and thickens, making it more difficult for blood flow. |
| cardiac arrest | This cardiovascular disease is when the heart completely stops pumping blood. |
| superior/inferior vena cava right atrium right ventricle pulmonary arteries to lung pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle exit through aorta | Identify the pathway of blood through the heart. |
| Epiglotis | Serves as a gate for the larynx and prevents food/liquids from entering the larynx and trachea. |
| nasal cavity | This is lined with mucous membranes that help filter and moisten the air. |
| pharynx | This is also known as the throat and serves a dual purpose for both air and food. |
| larynx | This is also known as the voice box |
| trachea | This connects the larynx to the lungs and is lined with cilia. |
| lungs | These are the main organs of the respiratory system. |
| bronchi | These branch off from the trachea. |
| alveoli | Inside the lungs, these are tiny sacs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place. |
| 3 | The right lung has how many lobes? |
| 2 | The left lung has how many lobes? |
| diaphragm | This is the muscle located below the lungs that help us breath. |
| heart | What organ/muscle is located in-between your lungs? |
| bronchioles | These branch off the bronchi and divide off into the alveoli. |
| common cold | There are more than 200 different rhinoviruses that cause this disease. |
| emphysema | With this disease the alveoli become overstretched and lose the ability to expand and contract. |
| bronchitis | This is a condition that causes the bronchi to swell. |
| influenza | This is a viral infection of the respiratory system and can be found in humans and animals. |
| lung cancer | There are over 1 million new cases each year. 9/10 cases are because of tobacco smoke. |
| pneumonia | This is an inflammation of the alveoli and bronchioles. |
| asthma | This is an inflammatory lung disease that causes recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing. |
| tendon | This is a tough tissue fiber that attaches muscles to bones. |
| isotonic | This involves either a concentric or eccentric contraction of the muscle. |
| involuntary and voluntary muscles | There are certain muscles that we can control and others we cannot. What are these two groups called? |
| muscle lengthens while it's contractin. | Which of the following is not an example of a concentric muscle contraction. |
| smooth muscles, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles | List the three types of muscle tissues. |
| isometric | This is a static muscle action that involves a contraction, but it doesn't move a weight over a distance. |
| cramps | This can occur at any time, but usually in hot weather and when the athlete hasn't been drinking enough fluids. |
| shin splints | This is when the anterior tibialis muscle swells and causes pain in the lower leg. |
| muscle strain | This is a mild injury resulting from an overstretched muscle. |
| muscle shortens while it's contracting | Which of the following is not an example of an eccentric muscle? |
| triceps branchi | This muscle (1) is located on the back of the upper arm. |
| gastrocnemius, soleus | When you perform toe raises you are exercising this muscle. (1) |
| brachioradialis | This muscle (1) is located on the lower part of your arm (forearm) on the thumb side. |
| gluteus maximus | You are currently sitting on these muscles. (1) |
| thoracolumbar fascia | This muscle (1) is located in the middle of your lower back attached to the vertebrae. |
| deltoid | What is your shoulder muscle (1) called? |
| rectus abdominis | While doing core activation you are contracting these muscles (1). |
| biceps branchii | When performing dumb bell curls, what muscles (1) are you exercising? |
| sternocleidomastoid | This muscle (1) is located in your neck and allows you to turn your head. |
| sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis | What are the four muscles (4) that make up your quadriceps? |
| gastrocnemius | When performing a lunge, which muscles (1) are you working? |
| biceps femoris | This muscle (1) is attached to the back of the femur bone. |
| biceps branchii, triceps branchii | When you bench press, you are exercising which muscles (1)? |
| trapezius | This triangular muscle (1) controls the movement of the scapula. |
| lattissimus dorsi | When you are doing LAT pull downs, which muscles (1) are you exercising? |
| rectus abdominis,external oblique | While doing a side plank, which muscles (2) are contracting. |
| adductor longus | This muscle (1) is also known as the groin and it is used while performing side lunges. |
| biceps femoris | List a muscle (1) that is used to perform a wall sit. |
| biceps branchii, triceps branchii | These two muscles (2) are located in the upper arm and work together to allow our arm to bend. |
| rectus femoris | This muscle (1) is attached to the femur on the front of the body. |
| ligaments | Connect bones to other bones. |
| 306 | The average human adult skeleton has approximately how many bones? |
| dislocation | This occurs when bones become disrupted at the joint. |
| skull, vertebrae, rib cage | The axial skeleton is comprised of what three parts? |
| appendicular skeleton | The upper and lower extremities and the hip and shoulder girdles make up the: |
| Open fracture | With a(n) _______________ a piece of the broken bone breaks through the skin. |
| Cartilage | What is the soft connective tissue at the ends of some bones that serves as a cushion. |
| Knee | A hinge joint is found where? |
| 7 | The cervical vertebrae are made up of how many bones? |
| 12 | The thoracic vertebrae are made up of how many bones? |
| 5 | The lumbar vertebrae are made up of how many bones? |
| long bones | These types of bones are longer than they are wide and act as levers. |
| ball and socket | This type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip. |
| short bones | These types of bones are cubed shaped and allow for a circular range of motion. |
| scoliosis | This is an abnormal curvature of the spine. |
| stress fracture | This is a small crack in the bone. |
| flat bones | These types of bones protect our internal organs. |
| forearm | The upper appendicular skeleton consists of three parts, which is the region between the elbow and the wrist. |
| patella | The lower extremities include the thigh, leg, foot, and ___________. |
| osteoporosis | This is a condition when the bones become weak and break easily. |
| osteoarthritis | In this condition the cartilage that covers the bones begins to deteriorate, which causes pain and swelling in the joint. |
| rheumatoid arthritis | This is when the immune systems damages the body's own tissues at the joints and can cause severe pain and swelling. |
| sprain | This is when a ligament or tendon is overstretched or torn. |
| cartilage | Connect muscles to bones. |
| ball and socket | This type of joint is found in the neck. |
| central and peripheral | the two major divisions of the nervous system are: |
| spinal cord | This structure carries messages to and from the brain and the body: |
| taste | The gustatory nerve controls which of the five senses: |
| peripheral nervous system | This nervous system branches out from the CNS to the muscles, skin, and organs. |
| autonomic | This nervous system directly influences breathing patterns and blood flow. |
| sympathetic | This nervous system is activated when an individual is introduced to a "fight or flight" response. |
| motor | This type of neuron carries impulses to muscles from the brain and spinal cord. |
| parasympathetic | Name the nervous system "calms" down the body once the emergency state is over. |
| sensory | This type of neuron picks up info from outside of our bodies. |
| 43 | The nervous system is made up of how many pairs of nerves? |
| somatic | This nervous system controls voluntary muscle activity. |
| Audio | What does the A in AVKGO stand for? |
| Visual | What does the V in AVKGO stand for? |
| Kinesthetic | What does the K in AVKGO stand for? |
| Gustatory | What does the G in AVKGO stand for? |
| Olfactory | What does the O in AVKGO stand for? |
| cerebrum | The largest and most complex part of the brain. |
| cerebellum | Coordinates movement of skeletal muscles. |
| cerebrum | Divided into two hemispheres. |
| hypothalamus | Regulates body temperature and water balance. |
| cerebellum | Controls balance and posture. |
| pons | Helps regulate breathing and controls the muscles of the eyes and face. |
| medulla oblongata | Regulates heartbeat, respiratory rate, and reflexes such as coughing and sneezing. |
| thalamus | Relays incoming sensory impulses from the eyes and the ears. |
| hypothalamus | Controls metabolism, sexual development, and emotions. |
| cerebellum | Back part of the brain beneath the cerebrum. |
| midbrain | Controls eyeball movement and pupil size. |
| thalamus | This part of the brain sits on top of the brain stem. |
| hypothalamus | This part of the brain is below the the thalamus. |
| brain stem | This is a 3-inch long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects to the spinal cord. |
| brain tumor | Cancerous or noncancerous growths that can develop in brain tissue or the coverings of the brain. |
| migraine | 1 in 10 people suffers from these episodes of a severe headache often associated with visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting. |
| multiple sclerosis | Progressive damage to nerves in the brain and spinal cord causes weakness and problems with sensation and vision. |
| stroke | Damage to the brain occurs if its blood supply is interrupted as a result of a blockage or bleeding from one of the arteries supplying the brain. |
| meningitis | Infection of brain tissue or of its protective coverings can be caused by a wide variety of viruses, bacteria, and tropical parasites. |
| dementia | A decline in the number of brain cells results in shrinkage of brain tissue and consequent deterioration in mental ability. |
| epilepsy | Recurrent seizures or brief episodes of altered consciousness are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. |
| stress | reaction of your body and mind to threatening or challenging events in your life. |
| eustress-positive distress-negative | two types of stress |
| Alarm stage Resistance stage Fatigue stage | What are the three stages of stress? |
| adrenaline | What hormone is released during the first stage of stress? |
| wellness | This the overall state of well being or total health. |
| wellness | On the Illness-Wellness continuum, this is at the far right of the arrow. |
| health | This is a combination of PEMMSS. |
| environment | All of the physical and social conditions surrounding a person and the influences they have on a person. |
| heredity | All the traits that are passed biologically from parent to child. |
| heredity | The most powerful influence on our health is... |
| physical | What does the P stand for in PEMMSS? |
| emotional | What does the E stand for in PEMMSS? |
| moral and mental | What do the M's stand for in PEMMSS? |
| spiritual and social | What do the S's stand for in PEMMSS? |
| personality | Your _____________ consists of a unique combinatiion of traits that make you an individual. |
| extrovert | When describing someone's personality if they are friendly and outgoing then they would be known as a(n) _____________. |
| introvert | When describing someone's personality if the they are less outgoing then they would be called a(n) _____________. |
| optomistic | A person who focuses on positive things is being: |
| pessimistic | A person who focuses on negative things is being: |
| self-esteem | This refers to how much you like yourself and feel good about yourself. |
| Cardiorespiratory, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition. | 5 fitness components are: |
| cardiorespiratory endurance | ability of your heart, blood vessels, and lungs to distribute nutrients and oxygen and to remove wastes. Fitness test~mile run |
| muscular strength | amount of force your muscles can produce to move a single weight. Fitness test~pull ups and flexed arm hang |
| muscular endurance | ability of the muscles to continue to work without becoming fatigued. Fitness test~sit-ups |
| flexibility | ability to use a muscle throughout its entire range of motion. Fitness test~sit and reach |
| body composition | amount of body fat compared to lean tissue. Fitness test~skin fold calipers |
| aerobic exercise | nonstop, repetitive, strenuous, physical activity that increase the heart rate. Examples: running, biking~cardio endurance |
| anaerobic exercise | intense physical activity that lasts only a few seconds to minutes. Examples: basketball and sprinting~muscular endurance |
| isometric exercise | muscles contract but there is no body movement. Examples: flexed arm hangs and wall sits |
| isotonic exercise | involves a muscle contraction and relaxation through the full ROM. Examples: weight lifting, push-ups, and curl ups~muscular strength and endurance. |
| isokinetic exercise | involves moving a muscle through a ROM against resistance...special machines usually required. Examples: fitness center~muscular strength and endurance, flexibility. |
| static stretching | involves stretching a muscle |
| ballistic stretching | quickly stretching a muscle |
| dynamic/active stretching | moving and stretching |
| insomnia | difficult to fall asleep or staying asleep. Caused by stress, anxiety, or other physical problems |
| sleep apnea | breathing stops for short periods of time and then resumes suddenly. 300-500 times a night |
| narcolepsy | people fall asleep suddenly without warming for a short period of time. Develops during adolescence and early twenties |
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