bio ch. 9 + 10 meiosis and mitosis
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whitelights13 on November 10, 2011
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 binary fission | asexual reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into two genetically identical cells (used in cells lacking a nucleus because in order for mitosis to occur there must be a nucleus) |
| interphase | first stage of the cell cycle during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA. |
| prophase | first stage of mitosis during which the cell's chromatin condenses into chromosomes. |
| metaphase | second stage of mitosis in which motor proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell's equator. |
| anaphase | third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. |
| telophase | last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form, but the cell has not yet completely divided. |
| cell plate | a structure that forms between two groups of chromosomes of a plant cell during telophase. |
| centriole | organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules. |
| chromatid | structure containing DNA; structure into which a chromosome divides |
| crossing over | a process during which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes. |
| chromosome | the structures containing genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of cells. |
| conjugation | form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which the prokaryotic cells attach to each other and exchange genetic material. |
| diploid | having two copies of each chromosome. |
| gamete | a haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg |
| genetic variation | produced during crossing over and during fertilization when random gametes combines (meiosis) |
| haploid | cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell. |
| homologous chromosome | one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location. |
| independent assortment | The process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during anaphase resulting in the production of genetically unique gametes. |
| meiosis | division process occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid cell produces four haploid cells that are not genetically identical. |
| mitosis | second main stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced. |
| mutation | permanent change in a cell's DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes. |
| recombination | newly generating DNA with DNA from different sources |
| replication | when cells are replicated with exactly the same DNA. |
| spontaneous generation | the idea that life arises from nonliving things |
| zygote | fertilized cell formed when a sperm cell penetrates an egg |
| endosymbiosis | when eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells |
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