| Term | Definition |
|---|
| orthotic | Any medical device added to a person's body to support, align, position, immobilize, prevent or correct deformities, assist weak muscles, or improve function |
| 3 main objectives of orthotic intervention | 1. Prevention (Immobilization, Blocking, Prevention) 2. Correction 3. Assistance |
| ASHT | splint classification by location and function |
| McKee and Morgan System | Surface, Base, Design, Target Joint, Target Region, Target Bone, Objective, Variables |
| Surface Splint Types | Circumferential, Anterior Dorsal, Lateral, Volar (Bivalve, Spiral, Three Point), Ulnar, |
| Circumferential Splint | wrap around a part covering all surfaces with equal amounts of pressure, used to immobilize a painful joint or protect soft tissue |
| Volar Splint | support on palmer side, used for wrist injury |
| Dynamic Splint | statice base splint with one or more resiliant components (elastic, rubber band, or springs) that are designed to increase passive motion attached to it |
| Static Splint | has no moveable components and is used to immobilize a joint or part in order to rest it, protect it, reduce pain, or prevent muscle shortening and contracture |
| Serial-Static Splint | has no moveable components and is designed for repeated remolding in order to progressively increase ROM |
| Splint Designs | dynamic splint, static splint, serial-static splint, nonarticular, tenodesis, continuous passive motion |
| Splinting Objectives | protection, scar-control, stabilization, tone-reduction, extension or flexion blocking |
| Splint variables | C-bar, cone-style, type or material, type of dynamic device |
| Types of Material | Low temperature thermoplastics, High temperature thermoplastics, Hexcelite, Plaster of Paris, Neoprene, Other (Plastazote, AliPlast – dry oven 140 degrees) |
| thermoplastics | a more rubber-like material that increases in rigidity with an increase in thickness |
| Neoprene | used to create semi-flexible splints |
| Drapability | degree of ease a material conforms to the underlying shape without assistance |
| Elasticity | resistance to stretching and tendency to return to original shape |
| Bonding | self adherence |
| Self-sealing edges | in LTT's, edges are round and seal themselves when material is cut |
| Working time | in LTT's the greater the drapability of the material, the less handling time available and the more possibility to overstretch the material |
| Performance characteristics of LTT's | conformability, rigidity, durability, moisture permeability and air exchange, variety of colors and thicknesses |
| 3 arches of the hand | proximal, distal, longitudinal |
| Tenodesis | act of wrist extension and finger flexion OR wrist flexion and finger extension, important in resting position of splinted wrist |
| total force | pressure |
| splint design principles | 1.individual patient factors 2.length of time the splint will be used 3.simplicity and appearance 4.optimum function and sensation 5.ease of application and removal |
| splinting construction principles | cosmetics, round corners, smooth edges, appropriate equipment |
| splint fit principles | Accommodate body prominences, duel obliquity, ligament stress, hand arches, reduce pressure |
| polyform | low temp., plastic |
| orthoplast | low temp., rubber |
| aquaplast | low temp., elasticity and translucency |
| lining guidelines | not recommended, use stockinette, thinner is better |
| padding | cover body prominences (foam, prelining) |
| wet heating | electric skillet, spot heat blaster, Hydro collator |
| dry heating | splint oven, electric heat gun |
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