| Term | Definition |
| pie graphs | shows how facts and figures relate to each other by presenting them as portions of a circle |
| problem/solution | info is arranged by presenting a problem and telling steps to solve problem |
| headings/subheadings | titles for sections of text; highlighted using special type, like capital letters, bolding, italics |
| illustrations | drawings and photographs that present info in visual form |
| captions | words written below or next to an illustration to explain what the illustration shows |
| diagrams | an illustration that shows parts of something or how something works |
| maps | provide info about specific geographic location; look for a legend with symbols, compass, and scale |
| timelines | present info along a line with dates; show at a glance when an event happened in relation to another one |
| tables | display info in rows and columns; labeled with headings |
| bar graphs | shows values and types against axes; horizontal axis shows one set of details, other vertical axis shows another |
| sequence | type of text organization which info is arragned in time order |
| question/answer | info is arranged by presenting questions followed by answers |
| compare/contrast | info is arranged to show how things are alike and different |
| sidebars | blocks of extra info alongside an article; blocks may be interesting, but not needed to understand main idea of text |
| cause/effect | info is arranged to show reasons for certain events and results of events |