5 Written Questions

1. dysfunction from lesion in the nervous system, types spastic (hyperactive), flaccid (overflow incontinence), complications are infection and stones, treatment is catheterization, encourage fluids and bladder retraining
2. stool positive for occult blood and steatorrhea, barium study (show string sign indicating the constriction of the intestines), labs (H&H-L, WBC-H, ESR-H, albumin-L)
3. least common, due to obstruction of urine outflow, reversible with removal of obstruction unless it has been present long enough to cause kidney damage, causes are BPH, tumors, kidney stones, neurogenic bladder
4. 80% can be cured or significantly improved, take time, use voiding log, muscle training and prompting
5. nutritional and fluid status for optimal wound healing, dentition for infection control and choking on dentures or chipping compromised tooth during venting, drug hepatic and renal funtion, endocrine function (hypoglycemia from fasting before surgery, hyperglycemia from stress and will increase risk of surgical wound infection)

5 Matching Questions

1. dialysis for chronic pt
2. megacolon
3. ADH
4. tubular reabsorption
5. esophageal varices

1. a water, glucose and amino acids
2. b an abnormal enlargement of the colon
3. c secreted by posterior pituatary stimulating reabsorption of water in the distal tubules and collecting ducts
4. d allows them to live
5. e varicosed veins of esophagus, next in live for backflow if cirrhosis backs up blood
   causes: portal hypertension
   assessment: history, S/S liver disease, UGIB
   treatment: beta blockers, endoscopic sclerotherapy, variceal ligation

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. inflammation of a diverticulum, herniation of lining of colon (95% sigmoid), diverticulosis (multiple diverticulum without inflammation), retain food and bacteria that can lead to obstruction, perforation, pertonitis, and septicemia
   S&S: pain in LLQ, N/V, fever, chills, leukocytosis, diagnosed by colonoscopy, CT, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
   1. pyelonephritis
   2. urolithiasis
   3. pyridium
   4. diverticulitis
2. priority:assess for S/S of hemodynamic instability & shock, increased HR, decreased BP, orthostatic BP, decreased peripheral perfusion, syncope, vomiting bright red blood
   1. surgical team
   2. pyridium
   3. diarrhea
   4. UGIB physical exam
3. muscle wasting disease that has been linked to statins
   1. hemorrhoids
   2. peritonitis
   3. glomerulus
   4. rhabdomyolysis
4. surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus
   1. megacolon
   2. ileostomy
   3. tenesmus
   4. renin
5. electromagnetically generated shock waves focused on stone to fragment stone
   1. dihiscence
   2. ileostomy
   3. lithotripsy
   4. steatorrhea

5 True/False Questions

1. hiatal hernia → decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in blood, mild 60-79, moderate 40-59, severe less than 40. p0rolonged or severe can lead to tissue hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism altering the acid-base balance, normal is 80-100 mm Hg

   True        False

2. care of the pt on dialysis → recurring acute pylonephritis, kidneys will appear shrunken and lose function due to scarring or fibrosis, usually progresses to end stage kidney disease if both kidneys are affected

   True        False

3. risk factors for renal failure → caused by increased ventilations, anxiety, pain, PE

   True        False

4. CRI complications/diagnosis → complications- decompensated heart failure, pulmonary edema, metabolic acidosis, pericarditis, pleural effusion, arrhythmias, anemia, malnutrition
   diagnosis- same as acute renal failure: H & P, labs (BUN, ABGs, renal ultrasound, renal CT, renal agiogram,

   True        False

5. renal medulla → middle region contains pyramids and empties into calyces

   True        False