| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints but may affect major orga |
| RA is characterized by: | morning stiffness and Symmetrical polyarticular joint pain and inflammation of synovial membrane |
| stage 1 of RA | no destructive changes |
| stage 2 of RA | osteoporosis, no joint deformity, mm atrophy |
| stage 3 of RA | Severe, bone, joint, and mm changes |
| stage 4 of RA | fibrous or bony ankylosis |
| common affected joints of RA | MCP, PIP, DIP, metatarsalphalangeal joints, wrists, elbows, knees, hip, shoulders, thumb |
| Hand deformities for RA include | swelling, redness, heat, subluxation, crepitus, rheumatoid nodules, ulnar drift, swan neck deformities, boutonniere deformities, thumb deformities, rheumatoid nodules |
| subluxation | bones not meeting where they are supposed to |
| Evaluations of RA include | visual inspection for deformities, MMT, grip strength, pain, ROM, joint laxity, composite motion, hand function tests, sensation |
| jebsen-taylor test | hand function |
| treatment for RA includes | joint protection, energy conservation, AROM, positioning, assistive devices, physical agents, resistive exercises |
| Exercises for RA include | increase joint range and muscle strength (depending on stage of disease), avoid stress, pain, and work within comfortable ROM, AROM preferred |
| joint protection | pain reduction for prevention, respect pain, strength and ROM, using joint in its most stable anatomical position, avoid deformity positions, using strongest joints, use correct patterns of motion, avoid staying in one position, avoid activities that cannot be stopped, balance and activity, reduce the force |
| types of splints for RA include | ulnar drift splint, RHS, figure 8 splints, thumb spica splint |
| Osteoarthritis | damage to articular cartilage and bone |
| Osteoarthritis is due to | repetitive impact to joint |
| OA affects | knees, hips, thumb, spine, DIP |
| Treatment for OA include | Joint protection, reduction of excessive load, pain avoidance, environment modification, provide assistive devices |
| Energy conservation | proper body positioning (use joints symmetrically is possiblt), good body mechanics, avoid fatigue |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | systemic inflammatory disease characterized by small vessel vasculitis |
| SLE is characterized by | fever, rash, alopecia, pericarditis, Raynaud's phenomenon, pleurisy, nephritis |
| Progressive Systemic Sclerosis | scleroderma |
| progressive systemic sclerosis | generalized disorder of the connective tissues, characterized by fibrosis and thickening of the skin and internal organs (can be fatal) |
| Progressive systemic sclerosis affects | alimentary tract, synovium, heart, kidneys, tightening of the skin, Raynauds phenomenon |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | inflammation of sacroiliac, spinal apopyseal, and sternal joints |
| Gout | Presence of sodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid or deposits of urate crystals in or about the joints |
| 4 P's | Pacing, Planning, Prioritize, Positioning |
| Pacing | adequate rest (10 min per every hour of work), alternate activities, resist the temptation to overdue, stop before you get too tired |
| Planning | consider the best time of the day, make a schedule, allow enough time, plan what is to be done |
| Prioritize | Assertiveness, put first things first, eliminate, modify, and delegate |
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