Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Nutrition Test #2
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Created by:
shobiemonster on November 12, 2011
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Insulin resistance syndrome | distinguishes Syndrome X form other diagnoses that are also called Syndrome X |
| Metabolic Syndrome | a cluster of metabolic abnormalities defined as any combination of three of the following: abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and abnormal blood lipid levels |
| Insulin resistance | the body cells resist the action of insulin; the usual consequence is an increased production of insulin to override the resistance at the cell level |
| Hyperinsulinemia | excess insulin in the blood is felt to play a large part int eh health issues of insulin resistance |
| Diagnosis based on health correlates/conditions | 1. central obesity- men above 40 in, women above 35 in 2. hypertension 3. dyslipidemia- above 150 4. prediabetes- 110-126 mg/dl |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | growth of multiple cysts, causes irregular menstrual cycle. common cause of infertility. |
| Gout | uric acid levels increase in bloodstream and form crystals in feet. must avoid high purine foods |
| Associations with Metabolic syndrome (markers) | -nonalcoholic fatty liver -hypothyriodism -elevated CRP -elevated ferritin levels -acanthosis nigricans and cutaneous papillomas |
| Metabolic syndrome prevention | -emphasize regular physical activity -high fiber -avoid excess refined carbohydrates -emphasize unsaturated fats; avoid excess saturated fat and trans fat -maintain ideal body weight -adequate sleep |
| Management of Metabolic syndrome | -fat intake; emphasis on monounsaturated fats -CHO intake (fiber) -several small meals (low gylcemic) -incrase exercise and low kilocalorie intake -decrease inflammation -limit alcohol |
| Diabetes Mellitus | -fasting blood glucose levels equal to or over 126 mg/dL -Type 1: Juvenile onset, usually of normal or underweight, pancreatic beta cells destroyed, daily insulin injections required -Type 2: overweight, insulin resistance related to obesity, most common |
| Short term effects of diabetes | -excessive hunger and thirst (polyphasia) -fatigue -increase urination -increase or decrease weight -blurred vision -increase infections -decrease wound healing |
| Long term effects of diabetes | -heart disease -hypertension -blindness -kidney failure -stroke -poor circulation -loss of limbs |
| Risk factors for diabetes and pre diabetes | genetics, family, racial/ethnic background, sedentary lifestyle, HTN, low HDL, high Trig, CVD |
| Type 1 diabetes risk factors | -uncontrolled celiac disease- must avoid gluten -vitamin d deficiency |
| Type 2 risk factors | -excess weight -physical inactivity -low fiber intake, processed foods -high levels of saturated and trans fats, red meat |
| Type 1 diabetes | -autoummine disease -onset peak during adolescence -betal cells destroyed leading to destruction of insulin production -usually thin and ketone-prone -always requires insulin to avoid ketoacidosis (DKA)- occurs when glucose can't be used for energy b/c f insuff. insulin -emergency situation -timing is important |
| Type 2 diabetes | -related to insulin resistance -genetic predisposition requires environ. factors to result in this -body is producing insulin but cells aren't accepting them |
| Gestational Diabetes | -occurs during pregnancy after placenta is formed, no increased risk in north defects. -similar to type 2 -possible role of zinc and selenium def. |
| Potential Consequences of GDM | -elevated glucose form mother = risk of adverse outcomes: spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death, congenital anomalies, increase insulin and glucose uptake and trig formation in fetus. -fetal changes increase likelihood later in life in obesity, HTN and type 2 diabetes |
| Hormones control blood glucose | -insuline lowers BG by allowing cell uptake -counterregulatory stress hormone raise BG levels by allowing stored glycogen to be released as BG |
| Counterregulatory stress hormones | -glucose -epinephrine -cortisol -growth hormone |
| A1C, the 3month test | sugar attaches to protein throughout the bod and lives for 3 months. BG should be under 7% |
| The Diet plan | heart healthy diet. -whole-grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, high fiber foods -limited intake of simple sugars -low GI foods -monounsaturated fats -three regular meals and snacks - |
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