ISYS 363 Management Information Systems
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cost-benefit ratio | A method for calculating the returns from a capital expenditure by dividing total benefits by total cost |
| cost transparency | The ability of consumers to discover the actual costs merchants pay for products |
| cracker | A hacker with criminal intent |
| critical thinking | Sustained suspension of judgement with an awareness of multiple perspectives and alternatives |
| cross-selling | Marketing complementary products to customers |
| crowdsourcing | Using large Internet audiences for advice, market feedback, new ideas and solutions to business problems. Related to wisdom of crowds theory |
| culture | Fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most members of an organization |
| customer decision-support system (CDSS) | System to support the decision-making process of an existing or potential customer |
| customer lifetime value (CLTV) | Difference between revenues produced by a specific customer and the expenses for acquiring and servicing that customer over the lifetime of the customer relationship, expressed in today's dollars |
| customer relationship management (CRM) | Information systems that track all the ways in which a company interacts with its customers and analyze these interactions to optimize revenue, profitability, customer satisfaction, and customer retention |
| customization | The modification of a software package to meet an organization's unique requirements without destroying the package software's integrity |
| cybervandalism | Intentional disruption, defacement, or even destruction of a Web site or corporate information system |
| cycle time | The total elapsed time from the beginning of a process to its end |
| data | Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations and arranged into a form that people can understand and see |
| data administration | A special organizational function for managing the organization's data resources, concerned with information policy, data planning, maintenance of data dictionaries, and data quality standards |
| data cleaning | Activities for detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant. Also known as data scrubbing |
| data definition | Specifies the structure of the content of a database |
| data dictionary | An automated or manual tool for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database |
| data flow diagram (DFD) | Primary tool for structured analysis that graphically illustrates a system's component process and the flow of data between them |
| data management software | Software used for creating and manipulating lists, creating files and databases to store data, and combining information into reports |
| data management technology | The software that governs the organization of data on physical storage media |
| data manipulation language | A language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database |
| data mart | A small data warehouse containing only a portion of the organization's data for a specified function or population of users |
| data mining | Analysis of large pools of data to find patterns and rules that can be used to guide decision making and predict future behavior |
| data quality audit | A server and/or sample of files to determine accuracy and completeness of data in an information system |
| data visualization | Technology for helping users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data by presenting the data in graphical form |
| data warehouse | A database, with reporting and query tools, that stores current and historical data extracted from various operational systems and consolidated for management reporting and analysis |
| data workers | People such as secretaries or bookkeepers who process the organization's paperwork |
| database | A group of related files |
| database administration | Refers to the more technical and operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design and maintenance |
| database management system (DBMS) | Special software to create and maintain a database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs |
| decision-support systems (DSS) | Information systems at the organization's management level that combine data and sophisticated analytical models or data analysis tools to support semistructured and unstructured decision making |
| deep packet inspection (DPI) | technology for managing network traffic by examining data packets, sorting out low-priority data from higher priority business-critical data, and sending packets in order of priority |
| demand planning | Determining how much product a business needs to make to satisfy all its customers' demands |
| denial of service (DoS) attack | Flooding a network server or Web server with false communications or requests for services in order to crash the nework |
| Decartes' rule of chagne | A principle that states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time |
| design | Simon's second stage of decision making, when the individual conceives of possible alternative solutions to a problem |
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