Test 4: Personality
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Created by:
bell4lyphe on November 13, 2011
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 personality | Distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual |
| The 5 Factor trait Theory | Extraversion o sociable versus retiring o fun-loving versus serious o affectionate versus reserved Neuroticism o calm versus anxious o secure versus insecure o self satisfied versus self pitying Conscientiousness o organized versus disorganized o careful versus careless o disciplined versus impulsive Agreeableness o softhearted versus ruthless o trusting versus suspicious o helpful versus uncooperative Openness to Experience o imaginative versus practical o preference for variety versus preference for routine o independent versus conforming |
| Behaviorist Theory | Behavior determined by: reward, punishment, classical conditioning |
| Temperaments | Physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways o Reactivity easy to be irritated? o Soothability easy to calm down and relax after irritated? |
| Nature of Extraversion | Eysneck: differences due to arousability • Extraverts: low arousability, • Introverts: high arousability, |
| Attachment Theory | Bond between infant and caregiver will influence the individual's interactions with others throughout the lifespan. |
| Freudian Theory | unconscious needs or drives are at the heart of human motivation and behaviors. conscious, preconscious, subconscious, unconscious |
| Social Learning Theory | we learn behavior through observing,imitating and rewards punishment. |
| Psychoanalysis | theory of personality and method of psychotherapy, assume that our motives are largely unconscious |
| Motivation Behind Personality | 2 unconscious motivators Eros: sexual motivation Thantos: aggressive motivation |
| Psychological determinism | who you are as a person is your unconscious and you have no access to your unconsciousness, therefore you cannot change your personality |
| Personality components | Id: Concerned with drive satisfaction; follows the pleasure principle of unconscious mind Superego: internalized parental control; conscience, morality, and social standard mostly unconscious, slightly conscious mind Ego: Reason, good sense, and rational control; follows the reality principle of conscious mind |
| Freudian Stages | Oral (0-1 year)F=pessimism about the world, hostility or passivity. Excessive eating or drinking Anal (1-3 years) F=anal retentive or repulsive Phallic (3-6 years)F=sex-role ID problems, promiscuity, vanity, or excessive chastity Latency (6-puberty)A time of focus on achievement and mastery of skills(not interesting) Genital (from puberty)o The time of mature personality, intimacy with others |
| defense | =Defense Mechanisms - Methods used by the Ego to keep unconscious anxiety from entering consciousness =Denial - Refusing to accept that the feeling is present =Repression: Relegating anxiety- causing thoughts to the unconscious, refusing to think about them =Projection - Attributing one's undesirable traits or actions to others =Reaction Formation - Taking actions opposite to one's feelings =Rationalization:Creating intellectually - acceptable arguments to hide the actual desire =Displacement: scapegoating - Substituting a less-threatening object for the subject of the hostile or sexual impulse =Sublimation: Redirecting anxiety-causing impulses into socially acceptable actions |
| Freudian Personality Dynamics | • The id's instinctual urges can be temporarily suppressed, but the energy must find an outlet • Outlets are disguised and indirect, to provide release for energy that will be safe and appear normal eg. dreams, jokes, slips of tongue, etc |
| The Rorschach Inkblot Test | Ambiguous stimuli; Person is asked to report what they see PROJECTIVE: No clear image, so the things you see must be "projected" from inside yourself |
| Thematic Apperception Test | Person is asked to tell a story about the "hero" in the picture • Another projective test • Based on Murray's personality theory • People are distinguished by the needs that motivate their behavior |
| Problems with Freud | falsifiability(too broad) and biased against women, no evidence |
| Freud contributions | • unconscious processes • childhood influences on adult behavior • Defense Mechanisms |
| modeling | social-learning: behavior is observed and imitated |
| Locus of Control: | The expectancy that one's reinforcements are generally controlled by (internal or external) factors |
| Self-Efficacy: | The belief that one is capable of performing the behaviors required to produce a desired outcome.(high or low) |
| Reciprocal Determinism | personal cognitive factors, environment and behavior determine your future behaviors and beliefs |
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