| Term | Definition |
| disease | sickness |
| factory | place where workers make goods |
| annex | to add or join new land to a state or country |
| communicate | to share or exchange news and other information |
| expedition | a group of people making a journey for certain reasons |
| anthem | a patriotic song |
| gallantly | courageously |
| invent | to create or think up a new thing or way of doing something |
| perilous | dangerous |
| border | land or water next to the dividing line between two states or nations |
| reservation | land set aside for a special purpose; where Native Americans were forced to live |
| frontier | land unsettled by pioneers |
| rampart | barricade |
| produce | to make or manufacture goods to be sold |
| boundary | the dividing line that separates a territory, state, or nation |
| reformer | someone who works to imporve the government or people's lives |
| pioneer | one of the first people to go into and live in a new land |
| section | a certain part of the country such as the North or the South |
| expansion | getting larger by gaining more territory |
| transportation | the ways people and goods are carried from one place to another |