1.
Define substitution?: When on base is changed for another
2.
How does frame shift work?: The DNA or RNA is read incorrectly because of the addition or deletion of base, causing useless or incorrect proteins to be produced
3.
How many bases are in 1 codon?: 3
4.
What are the three differences between DNA and RNA?: 1) RNA is a single strand only
2) Sugar based
3) RNA = A, U, C, G vers DNA = A, T, C, G
5.
What are the three types of RNA?: 1) mRNA (messenger RNA)
2) rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
3) tRNA (transfer RNA)
6.
What are two differences between transcription and translation?: Transcription takes place in the nucleus and uses oxygen, while translation takes place in the cytoplasm and uses no oxygen.
7.
What does insertion or deletion cause?: Frame shift
8.
What does mRNA do?: Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons
9.
What does RNA stand for?: Ribose Nucleic Acid
10.
What does rRNA do?: As a major componet of ribosomes, rRNA assists in making the covalent bonds that like amino acids together to make a protein
11.
What does tRNA do?: Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, based on the information encoded in the mRNA; contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA
12.
What is insertion / deletion?: When 1 or 2 bases are added or removed from a sequence
13.
What is rRNA's job?: it is the structural component of the ribosome
14.
What is the "central dogma"?: The flow of information. DNA - RNA - protein
15.
What is the function of a ribosome?: To read mRNA for protein synthesis
16.
What is the function of tRNA and where is it in the cell?: It replicates (translates) mRNa into new codon, delivering the correct amino acid, it is found in the ribosome. (ex AUG to UAC)
17.
What is the RNA backbone made of?: Made of phosphate and ribose (sugar)