Bichemistry
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 functional groups | the structural building block that determines the characteristics of the compound |
| monomer | small, simple molecules that can bond to form more complex molecules |
| polymer | a molecules consisting of repeated, linked units |
| macromolecules | large polymers, such as polysaccharides |
| dehydration synthesis | a chemical reaction that links monomers , yields water (builds) |
| hydrolysis | a chemical reaction that breaksdown complex molecules (needs water) |
| ATP | a compound that is an energy source for cells |
| carbohydrates | organic compound composed of C, H and O in a ratio of 2 H atoms to one O atom |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar; a monomer of carbohydrates |
| isomer | compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas |
| disaccharide | a double sugar consiting of two monosaccharides |
| polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| proteins | organic compounds composed of amino acids |
| amino acids | monomer building blocks of proteins |
| peptide bond | links two amino acids together chemically |
| polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids |
| enzymes | organic molecules that act as catalysts |
| lipids | large nonpolar molecules that make up fats and oils |
| fatty acids | carbon chains that make up lipids; contain carboxyl group |
| glycerol | alcohol that makes up the backbone of a fat molecule |
| triglyceride | one glycerol plus 3 fatty acid molecules; monomer for lipids |
| nuclei acids | organic molecules that store information for the cell |
| DNA and RNA | nuclei acids that contain information for cells activities |
| nucleotides | monomers in nucleic acids; consists of a phosphate, a sugar and a base |
| hydrogen bond | weak bond between two water molecules |
| adhesion | attaction between two different molecules |
| cohesion | attraction between two like molecules (ie. water) |
| NH2 | amino group (found in amino acids) |
| COOH | carboxyl group (fatty acids and amino acids) |
| -OH | hydroxyl group (alcohols and carbohydrates) |
| organic compounds | contain the element carbon |
| carbon | can form 4 bonds with other atoms |
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